Author:
Romanova O. A.,Churkin K. S.,Pechenikova V. A.
Abstract
The integrated data of foreign authors on a structure, an embr yogenesis and functional features of the junctional zone, its value in development of pathology of a uterus and the course of pregnancy are submitted. It is established that a uterus consists of two layers: internal – an archimetra and external – neometra. The junctional zone belongs to the archimetra and represents the highly specialized hormone-dependent structure being is an inner (subvascular) layer of myometrium. Unlike endometrium the transformation zone isn’t available for aggressive approach, its structure and function can be estimated only by means of imaging modalities. The metastructure of myocytes of the junctional zone undergoes characteristic cyclic changes depending on a phase of the menstrual period, intake of hormonal contraceptives and the age of the patient. During the research of the junctional zone in women of different age gradual increase in thickness of this zone in patients aged of 30 years and older was revealed, and of 34 years and older the sharp increase in its thickness was noted. It is also stated that the junctional zone plays an important role in processes of implantation and placentation and together with endometrium represents a placental bed. Abnormality of the junctional zone could be the reason for early term miscarriages, failed attempts of in vitro fertilization and obstetric complications. On the basis of a number of comparative researches it is proved that the transformation zone thickness of more than 12 mm is the criterion of a uterus involvement by adenomyosis. Thus, the measurement of thickness of the junctional zone during the transvaginal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging could be successfully applied to the screening of adenomyosis, and also to predictability of early term miscarriages and development of the pregnancy complications related to derangement of placentation.