The role of cytokines in neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms of thyroid pathology

Author:

Sergalieva M.U.1,Tsibizova A.A.1,Samotrueva M.A.1

Affiliation:

1. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Astrakhan State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bakinskaya St., 121, Astrakhan, 414000, Russian Federation

Abstract

Introduction. Studies consider the immune and neuroendocrine systems as actively interacting with each other and priority participating in the complex maintenance of homeostasis. Immune processes are dependent on the functional activity of the endocrine system, which is most pronounced in thyroid diseases, the pathogenetic cause of the development of which is often autoimmune pathology. The aim of the study is to determine the role of cytokines in neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms of thyroid pathology. Material and methods. The main Internet resources of scientific electronic library e-library, databases of National Library of Medicine (NCBI), PubMed mainly for the last 10 years were used for writing the review article. Literature data from domestic and foreign sources were analysed using the deconstruction method, aspect analysis, as well as descriptive method, which allows us to base on «descriptors» (thyroid gland, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, immunity, cytokines), focusing on the most important aspects of the research object. Results. The analysis of scientific literature has shown the presence of a close relationship between the immune and endocrine systems, which is due to the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyreopathy. It has been established that cytokines participate in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases, working both in the immune system and directly targeting follicular cells of the thyroid gland. They are involved in the induction and effector phase of the immune response and inflammation, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease. Cytokines produced by T cells can directly damage thyroid cells, leading to functional impairment. In turn, thyroid hormone deficiency of the thyroid gland leads to various changes in T- and B-cell parameters of the immune system. Thus, the study and identification of mechanisms of action between thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland and immune cells in the development of various pathological conditions is one of the urgent problems of modern neuroimmunoendocrinology

Publisher

Russian Vrach, Publishing House Ltd.

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