Study of galaxy clustering (thermodynamics) through different approaches using modified Yukawa potential

Abstract

In this paper, our focus is to discuss galaxy clustering in an accelerated universe through different approaches, viz., the extended structure of galaxies, the halo approximation, in which we evaluate the configurational integral between two finite limits and the most recent technique known as mean-field theory or approximation. Through these approximations, we were able to eliminate the divergence of the involved configurational integral. These approximations have been employed to develop a gravitational partition function, which has been used to evaluate the thermodynamics of galaxy clustering and the distribution function that goes with it. Throughout this paper, we will use the concept of Maxwell–Boltzmann’s statistics to study the galaxy clustering under the modified Yukawa potential. These thermodynamical quantities, such as Helmholtz free energy, entropy internal energy, and so on, were later plotted.