Multi-tissue Multi-omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context-specific Effects of DHA on Rat Brain

Abstract

AbstractScopeWe explored the influence of DHA on cardiometabolic and cognitive phenotypes, and multiomic alterations in the brain under two metabolic conditions to understand context-specific nutritional effects.Methods and ResultsRats were randomly assigned to a DHA-rich or a control chow diet while drinking water or high fructose solution, followed by profiling of metabolic and cognitive phenotypes and the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the hypothalamus and hippocampus. DHA reduced serum triglyceride and improved insulin resistance and memory exclusively in the fructose-consuming rats. In hippocampus, DHA affected genes related to synapse functions in the chow group but immune functions in the fructose group; in hypothalamus, DHA altered immune pathways in the chow group but metabolic pathways in the fructose group. Network modeling revealed context-specific regulators of DHA effects, includingKlf4andDusp1for chow condition andLum, Fn1, andCol1a1for fructose condition in hippocampus, as well asCyr61, JunB, Ier2, andPitx2under chow condition andHcar1, Cdh1, andOsr1under fructose condition in hypothalamus.ConclusionDHA exhibits differential influence on epigenetic loci, genes, pathways, and metabolic and cognitive phenotypes under different dietary contexts, supporting population stratification in DHA studies to achieve precision nutrition.