Endosymbiont diversity across native and invasive brown widow spider populations

Author:

Mowery Monica A.ORCID,Rosenwald Laura C.ORCID,Chapman Eric,Lubin YaelORCID,Segoli MichalORCID,Khoza Thembile,Lyle RobinORCID,White Jennifer A.

Abstract

AbstractThe invasive brown widow spider,Latrodectus geometricus(Araneae: Theridiidae), has spread in multiple locations around the world and, along with it, brought associated organisms such as endosymbionts. We investigated endosymbiont diversity and prevalence across putative native and invasive populations of this spider, predicting lower endosymbiont diversity across the invasive range compared to the native range. First, we characterized the microbial community in the putative native (South Africa) and invasive (Israel and the United States) ranges via high throughput 16S sequencing of 103 adult females. All specimens were dominated by reads from only 1-3 amplicon sequence variants (ASV), and most individuals were infected with an apparently uniform strain ofRhabdochlamydia. We also foundRhabdochlamydiain spider eggs, indicating that it is a maternally-inherited endosymbiont. Relatively few other ASV were detected, but included two variantRhabdochlamydiastrains and severalWolbachia,Spiroplasmaand Enterobacteriaceae strains. We then diagnostically screened 118 adult female spiders from native and invasive populations specifically forRhabdochlamydiaandWolbachia.We foundRhabdochlamydiain 86% of individuals and represented in all populations, which suggests that it is a consistent and potentially important associate ofL. geometricus. Wolbachiawas found at lower overall prevalence (14%) and was represented in all countries, but not all populations. In addition, we found evidence for geographic variation in endosymbiont prevalence: spiders from Israel were more likely to carryRhabdochlamydiathan those from the US and South Africa, andWolbachiawas geographically clustered in both Israel and South Africa. Characterizing endosymbiont prevalence and diversity is a first step in understanding their function inside the host and may shed light on the process of spread and population variability in cosmopolitan invasive species.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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