Individuality across environmental context in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

AbstractOver the past decade, several studies have demonstrated that idiosyncratic animal behaviors remain stable over long time periods. The stability of individually variable behaviors over time is often referred to as an animal’s individuality, or personality. However, most experimental studies have focused on individuality in a single, well-defined environmental context, whereas it is well-established from population studies that animal behavior is highly context-dependent. The ongoing ‘person-situation debate’ in humans and observations of animal individuality under intrinsically variable natural conditions raise the question of whether animal behavior also remains stable across different situations, such as changing environmental contexts. For instance, one individual might be generally more visually guided than another, or rely only on one particular visual cue, or even on this very cue only in a specific environmental context. Here we use a combination of both well-established and novel behavioral assays to demonstrate the relationship between individual behavior and variable environmental context under controlled laboratory conditions in the model systemDrosophila melanogaster. The stability of three individual traits (exploration, attention, and anxiety) was investigated under changing environmental contexts (temperature, visual cues, arena shape), in both walking and flying flies. We find that individuality is highly context-dependent, but even under the most extreme environmental alterations tested, stability of behavior always persisted in at least one of the traits. Furthermore, our quantification reveals a hierarchical order of environmental features influencing individuality. In summary, our work demonstrates that similar to humans, animal individuality persists across different contexts, and individual differences shape behavior across variable environments.