Verbenone and L-arginine fromDaucus carotaSeeds Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide (STZ-NAD)-Induced Diabetic Mice: Evidence fromIn vitroandIn vivoStudies

Abstract

AbstractFree radicals are produced in diabetes mellitus (DM), due to protein glycosylation and glucose autooxidation. However, compounds from plants were proven to be effective in the management of DM and related conditions. This study evaluated the antioxidant effect of verbenone, L-arginine, and their ratio combinations in diabetic mice. DM was induced in mice by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the diabetic mice were treated with verbenone, L-arginine, and their ratios for 28 days. In thein vitrostudy, L-arginine expressed higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, while verbenone and L-arginine expressed higher nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activities, especially at higher concentrations when compared with vitamin C. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of blood glucose, total protein, and malondialdehyde were significantly increased while the levels of reduced glutathione, nitrite, and activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in the diabetic untreated mice. However, these diabetes-induced alterations were reversed to normal levels after the administration of verbenone, L-arginine, and their ratio combinations at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore,in silicostudies revealed the antioxidant potential of both verbenone and L-arginine by their interaction with antioxidant proteins, expressing their potential antioxidant properties. The results of the study indicated that verbenone, L-arginine, and their ratio combination possess antioxidant property and attenuate oxidative stress in diabetic mice.HighlightsVerbenone and L-arginine are natural compounds found inDaucus carotaseeds and other plants.Verbenone and L-arginine possessin vitroandin vivoantioxidant activities.Verbenone, L-arginine and their ratio combination (1:1) enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (NAD-STZ) induced diabetic mice.Furthermore, the two compounds interacted with antioxidant proteins, expressing their potential antioxidant property in anin silicomodel.