Veni, vidi, vici? Future spread and ecological impacts of a rapidly-expanding invasive predator population

Abstract

AbstractEconomic and ecological consequences of invasive species make biological invasions an influential driver of global change. Monitoring the spread and impacts of non-native species is essential, but often difficult, especially during the initial stages of invasion. The Joro spider,Trichonephila clavata(L. Koch, 1878, Araneae: Araneidae), is a large-bodied orb weaver native to Asia, likely introduced to northern Georgia, U.S. around 2010. We investigated the nascent invasion ofT. clavataby constructing species distribution models (SDMs) from crowdsourced data to compare the climateT. clavataexperiences in its native range to its introduced range. We found evidence that the climate ofT. clavata’s native range differs significantly from its introduced range and that the most similar climate in North America to its native range is to the north of its current introduced range. We then compared the SDM predictions to current observations of spread. Consistent with predictions,T. clavataappears to be spreading faster to the north than to the south. Lastly, we conducted surveys to investigate potential ecological impacts ofT. clavataon the diversity of native orb weaving spiders. Importantly,Trichonephila clavatawas the most common and abundant species observed in the survey, and was numerically dominant at half of the sites it was present in. Our models also suggest that there is lower native orb weaver species richness and diversity closer to whereT. clavatawas initially found and where it has been established the longest, though human population density complicates this finding. This early study is the first to forecast how widely this spider may spread in its introduced range and explore potential ecological impacts ofT. clavata, and we call for continued investigation of this invasion’s effects.