Experimenter sex modulates mouse biobehavioural and pharmacological responses

Author:

Georgiou PolymniaORCID,Zanos Panos,Mou Ta-Chung M.,An Xiaoxian,Gerhard Danielle M.,Dryanovski Dilyan I.,Potter Liam E.,Highland Jaclyn N.,Jenne Carleigh E.,Stewart Brent W.,Pultorak Katherine,Yuan Peixiong,Powels Chris F.,Lovett Jacqueline,Pereira Edna F.,Clark Sarah M.,Tonelli Leonardo H.,Moaddel Ruin,Zarate Carlos A.,Duman Ronald S.,Thompson Scott M.,Gould Todd D.

Abstract

AbstractDifferential rodent responses to the sex of human experimenters could have far reaching consequences in preclinical studies. Here, we show that the sex of human experimenters affects mouse behaviours and responses to the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine and its bioactive metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. We found that mice manifest aversion to human male odours, preference to female odours, and increased susceptibility to stress when handled by male experimenters. This male induced aversion and stress susceptibility is mediated by the activation of brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons projecting from the entorhinal cortrex to hippocampal area CA1. We further establish that exposure to male scent prior to ketamine administration activates CRF neurons projecting from the entorhinal cortex to hippocampus, and that CRF is necessary and sufficient for ketamine’s in vivo and in vitro actions. Further understanding of the specific and quantitative contributions of the sex of human experimenters to different experimental outcomes in rodents may lead not only to reduced heterogeneity between studies, but also increased capability to uncover novel biological mechanisms.

Publisher

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

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