Unsaturated fatty acid synthesis is associated with poor prognosis and differentially regulated byMYCNand tumor suppressor microRNAs in neuroblastoma

Abstract

ABSTRACTMYCNamplification and disruption of tumor suppressor microRNA (TSmiR) function are central drivers of poor outcomes in neuroblastoma (NB). MYC, MYCN, and TSmiRs regulate glucose metabolism; however, their role in unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (UFAS) remains poorly understood. Here we show thatde novoand UFAS pathway genesFASN,ELOVL6,SCD,FADS2, andFADS1are upregulated in high-risk NB and are associated with poor prognosis. RNA-Seq analysis of eight human NB cell lines revealed parallel UFAS gene expression patterns. Consistent with this, we found that NB-related TSmiRs were predicted to extensively target these genes. In addition, we observed that both MYC and MYCN upregulated UFAS pathway genes while suppressing TSmiR host gene expression, thereby creating a possible UFAS regulatory network betweenMYCNand TSmiRs in NB. Furthermore, NB cells are high in omega 9 (ω9) unsaturated fatty acids that can be synthesizedde novoand low in both ω6 and ω3, providing a plausible means for NB to limit cell-autonomous immune stimulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-driven apoptosis from ω6 and ω3 unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, respectively. We propose a model in which the UFAS pathway, through novel regulation byMYCNand TSmiRs, plays a key role in neuroblastoma pathology with implications for otherMYC-driven cancers.