Machine learning models for blood pressure phenotypes combining multiple polygenic risk scores
Author:
Hrytsenko YanaORCID, Shea Benjamin, Elgart Michael, Kurniansyah Nuzulul, Lyons Genevieve, Morrison Alanna C., Carson April P., Haring Bernhard, Mitchel Braxton D.ORCID, Psaty Bruce M., Jaeger Byron C., Gu C Charles, Kooperberg Charles, Levy Daniel, Lloyd-Jones Donald, Choi Eunhee, Brody Jennifer A, Smith Jennifer AORCID, Rotter Jerome I., Moll Matthew, Fornage MyriamORCID, Simon Noah, Castaldi PeterORCID, Casanova Ramon, Chung Ren-Hua, Kaplan Robert, Loos Ruth J.F., Kardia Sharon L. R., Rich Stephen S., Redline Susan, Kelly Tanika, O’Connor Timothy, Zhao Wei, Kim Wonji, Guo Xiuqing, Chen Yii Der Ida, Sofer TamarORCID,
Abstract
AbstractWe construct non-linear machine learning (ML) prediction models for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) using demographic and clinical variables and polygenic risk scores (PRSs). We developed a two-model ensemble, consisting of a baseline model, where prediction is based on demographic and clinical variables only, and a genetic model, where we also include PRSs. We evaluate the use of a linear versus a non-linear model at both the baseline and the genetic model levels and assess the improvement in performance when incorporating multiple PRSs. We report the ensemble model’s performance as percentage variance explained (PVE) on a held-out test dataset. A non-linear baseline model improved the PVEs from 28.1% to 30.1% (SBP) and 14.3% to 17.4% (DBP) compared with a linear baseline model. Including seven PRSs in the genetic model computed based on the largest available GWAS of SBP/DBP improved the genetic model PVE from 4.8% to 5.1% (SBP) and 4.7% to 5% (DBP) compared to using a single PRS. Adding additional 14 PRSs computed based on two independent GWASs further increased the genetic model PVE to 6.3% (SBP) and 5.7% (DBP). PVE differed across self-reported race/ethnicity groups, with primarily all non-White groups benefitting from the inclusion of additional PRSs.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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