Gluteus medius muscle strengthening exercise effects on medial longitudinal arch height in individuals with flexible flatfoot: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of 8 weeks of foot plus hip exercise to foot exercise alone on medial longitudinal arch (MLA) parameters; navicular drop (ND), arch height index (AHI), plantar pressure, static balance, and dynamic balance were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. A total of 52 healthy participants with bilateral flatfoot were randomly assigned into foot exercise (n= 26) and foot plus hip exercise (n= 26) group. At 4 weeks, the foot plus hip exercise group showed significantly less ND (<i>P</i>= 0.002), plantar pressure at the medial forefoot (<i>P</i>= 0.002), and mediolateral displacement (<i>P</i>= 0.001) while showing a greater AHI (<i>P</i>= 0.019) than the foot exercise group. At 8 weeks, there was also significantly less plantar pressure at the medial hindfoot (<i>P</i>= 0.017) and less anteroposterior displacement (<i>P</i>= 0.002) in the foot plus hip exercise group than in the foot exercise group. No significant differences between groups were found in dynamic balance. The addition of gluteus medius muscle strengthening exercise to foot exercise was more effective in supporting the MLA than performing foot exercise alone.