Host Predictors of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants of Concern Differ Between Infection and Vaccination
Author:
Tang Li1, Cherry Sean2, Tuomanen Elaine I2, Kirkpatrick Roubidoux Ericka2, Lin Chun-Yang3, Allison Kim J2, Gowen Ashleigh2, Freiden Pamela2, Allen E Kaitlynn3, Su Yin1, Gaur Aditya H2, Estepp Jeremie H45, McGargill Maureen A3ORCID, Krammer Florian6ORCID, Thomas Paul G3, Schultz-Cherry Stacey2ORCID, Wolf Joshua2ORCID, Mori Tomi, Hijano Diego R, Hakim Hana, Dallas Ronald H, Cortez Valerie, Vazquez-Pagan Ana, Webby Richard J, Fabrizio Thomas, Russell-Bell Jamie, Brice David C, Castellaw Ashley, Bajracharya Resha, Clark Brandi L, Van de Velde Lee-Ann, Awad Walid, Wilson Taylor L, Kirk Allison M, Hodges Jason, Sparks James, WIttman David E, Hayden Randall T, Hoffman James,
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA 2. Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA 3. Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA 4. Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA 5. Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USAand 6. Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination there is significant variability between individuals in protective antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2, and within individuals against different virus variants. However, host demographic or clinical characteristics that predict variability in cross-reactive antibody levels are not well-described. These data could inform clinicians, researchers, and policymakers on the populations most likely to require vaccine booster shots.
Methods
In an institutional review board–approved prospective observational cohort study of staff at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, we identified participants with plasma samples collected after SARS-CoV-2 infection, after mRNA vaccination, and after vaccination following infection, and quantitated immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) from 5 important SARS-CoV-2 variants (Wuhan Hu-1, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2). We used regression models to identify factors that contributed to cross-reactive IgG against 1 or multiple viral variants.
Results
Following infection, a minority of the cohort generated cross-reactive antibodies, IgG antibodies that bound all tested variants. Those who did had increased disease severity, poor metabolic health, and were of a particular ancestry. Vaccination increased the levels of cross-reactive IgG levels in all populations, including immunocompromised, elderly, and persons with poor metabolic health. Younger people with a healthy weight mounted the highest responses.
Conclusions
Our findings provide important new information on individual antibody responses to infection/vaccination that could inform clinicians on populations that may require follow-on immunization.
Funder
The American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health NIAID Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers American Society of Hematology Scholar Award NIAID CIVIC NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance Cohen Foundation JPB Foundation Open Philanthropy Project Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response National Cancer Institute
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)
Cited by
10 articles.
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