Novel Biomarkers of Habitual Alcohol Intake and Associations With Risk of Pancreatic and Liver Cancers and Liver Disease Mortality

Author:

Loftfield Erikka1ORCID,Stepien Magdalena2ORCID,Viallon Vivian3ORCID,Trijsburg Laura3ORCID,Rothwell Joseph A245ORCID,Robinot Nivonirina6ORCID,Biessy Carine3,Bergdahl Ingvar A7ORCID,Bodén Stina8,Schulze Matthias B910ORCID,Bergman Manuela910ORCID,Weiderpass Elisabete11,Schmidt Julie A12ORCID,Zamora-Ros Raul13ORCID,Nøst Therese H14,Sandanger Torkjel M14,Sonestedt Emily15ORCID,Ohlsson Bodil15ORCID,Katzke Verena16ORCID,Kaaks Rudolf16ORCID,Ricceri Fulvio17ORCID,Tjønneland Anne18,Dahm Christina C19ORCID,Sánchez Maria-Jose202122,Trichopoulou Antonia23ORCID,Tumino Rosario24ORCID,Chirlaque María-Dolores2526ORCID,Masala Giovanna27ORCID,Ardanaz Eva282930ORCID,Vermeulen Roel31ORCID,Brennan Paul32,Albanes Demetrius1ORCID,Weinstein Stephanie J1ORCID,Scalbert Augustin6ORCID,Freedman Neal D1ORCID,Gunter Marc J2ORCID,Jenab Mazda2ORCID,Sinha Rashmi1ORCID,Keski-Rahkonen Pekka6,Ferrari Pietro3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

2. Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France

3. Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France

4. Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France

5. Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France

6. Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (U1018), Generations and Health team, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France

7. Biobank Research Unit, Umeå University, Sweden

8. Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

9. Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

10. Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany

11. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization

12. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

13. Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

14. Department of Community Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

15. Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

16. Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany

17. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Italy; Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, TO, Italy

18. Danish Cancer Society Research Center; University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health

19. Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark

20. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain

21. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

22. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain

23. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece

24. Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), Ragusa, Italy

25. Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, Murcia, Spain

26. CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

27. Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network—ISPRO, Florence, Italy

28. Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain

29. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain

30. CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

31. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands

32. Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France

Abstract

Abstract Background Alcohol is an established risk factor for several cancers, but modest alcohol-cancer associations may be missed because of measurement error in self-reported assessments. Biomarkers of habitual alcohol intake may provide novel insight into the relationship between alcohol and cancer risk. Methods Untargeted metabolomics was used to identify metabolites correlated with self-reported habitual alcohol intake in a discovery dataset from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC; n = 454). Statistically significant correlations were tested in independent datasets of controls from case-control studies nested within EPIC (n = 280) and the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC; n = 438) study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of alcohol-associated metabolites and self-reported alcohol intake with risk of pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver cancer, and liver disease mortality in the contributing studies. Results Two metabolites displayed a dose-response association with self-reported alcohol intake: 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid and an unidentified compound. A 1-SD (log2) increase in levels of 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid was associated with risk of HCC (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.51 to 4.27) and pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.99) in EPIC and liver cancer (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.44 to 2.77) and liver disease mortality (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.63 to 2.86) in ATBC. Conversely, a 1-SD (log2) increase in questionnaire-derived alcohol intake was not associated with HCC or pancreatic cancer in EPIC or liver cancer in ATBC but was associated with liver disease mortality (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.98) in ATBC. Conclusions 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid is a candidate biomarker of habitual alcohol intake that may advance the study of alcohol and cancer risk in population-based studies.

Funder

International Agency for Research on Cancer

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London

NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre

Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health

Cancer Research UK

Medical Research Council

“Miguel Servet”

Institute of Health Carlos III (Co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) - ESF investing in your future

Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias

Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra

Catalan Institute of Oncology

French National Cancer Institute (L’Institut National du Cancer; INCA

pancreatic cancer in EPIC

IARC

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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3. Moderate alcohol intake and cancer: the role of underreporting;Klatsky;Cancer Causes Control,2014

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