Gene flow accelerates adaptation to a parasite

Author:

Lewis Jordan A12,Kandala Prathyusha3,Penley McKenna J3,Morran Levi T13

Affiliation:

1. Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , United States

2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University , New Haven, CT , United States

3. Department of Biology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , United States

Abstract

Abstract Gene flow into populations can increase additive genetic variation and introduce novel beneficial alleles, thus facilitating adaptation. However, gene flow may also impede adaptation by disrupting beneficial genotypes, introducing deleterious alleles, or creating novel dominant negative interactions. While theory and fieldwork have provided insight into the effects of gene flow, direct experimental tests are rare. Here, we evaluated the effects of gene flow on adaptation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans during exposure to the bacterial parasite, Serratia marcescens. We evolved hosts against nonevolving parasites for 10 passages while controlling host gene flow and source population. We used source nematode populations with three different genetic backgrounds (one similar to the sink population and two different) and two evolutionary histories (previously adapted to S. marcescens or naive). We found that populations with gene flow exhibited greater increases in parasite resistance than those without gene flow. Additionally, gene flow from adapted populations resulted in greater increases in resistance than gene flow from naive populations, particularly with gene flow from novel genetic backgrounds. Overall, this work demonstrates that gene flow can facilitate adaptation and suggests that the genetic architecture and evolutionary history of source populations can alter the sink population’s response to selection.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,Genetics,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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