Indobufen alleviates ischemic stroke injury by regulating transcription factor NRF2 and inhibiting ATG5 expression

Abstract

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a detrimental neurological disease and IS lacks valuable methods to recover body function. Indobufen (IND) could alleviate IS. However, the possible mechanism remains undefined. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were cultured under the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) environment and then were treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of NRF2 and ATG5. The influence of various concentrations of IND (50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM, and 400 μM) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were examined by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by DCFH-DA staining. The protein levels of LC3II/LC3I, Beclin1, p62, NRF2, and ATG5 were detected by western blot. Results IND increased cell viability, while depressed the rate of apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells of OGD/R environment. IND inhibited autophagy by suppressing the levels of LC3II/LC3I, Beclin1 protein, and increasing p62 protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells of OGD/R environment. IND limited the contents of ROS and MDA, while amplifying the activity of SOD in SH-SY5Y cells with OGD/R exposure. IND also promoted NRF2 expression in OGD/R environment. Conclusion IND could inhibit autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells with OGD/R exposure, further alleviating IS injury by regulating transcription factor NRF2 and inhibiting ATG5 expression.