Affiliation:
1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center , Bronx, New York , USA
2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , USA
Abstract
Abstract
The goals of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antiviral therapy early in the pandemic were to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death. As these outcomes have become infrequent in the age of widespread population immunity, the objectives have shifted. For the general population, COVID-19–directed antiviral therapy should decrease symptom severity and duration and minimize infectiousness, and for immunocompromised individuals, antiviral therapy should reduce severe outcomes and persistent infection. The increased recognition of virologic rebound following ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (NMV/r) and the lack of randomized controlled trial data showing benefit of antiviral therapy for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for standard-risk, vaccinated individuals remain major knowledge gaps. Here, we review data for selected antiviral agents and immunomodulators currently available or in late-stage clinical trials for use in outpatients. We do not review antibody products, convalescent plasma, systemic corticosteroids, IL-6 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, or agents that lack Food and Drug Administration approval or emergency use authorization or are not appropriate for outpatients.
Funder
Rustbelt CFAR
Case Western Reserve University
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
University of Pittsburgh
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)
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