Exploring the potential of intranasal drug delivery systems in the management of hypertension

Abstract

Abstract Objectives The current review gives an overview of the anatomical and cellular structure of the nasal cavity. It presents some possibilities and different techniques to enhance the drug penetration through the nasal barrier. It comprehensively details the intranasal drug delivery system and the treatment modalities of hypertension, with an emphasis on nanotechnology-based products. Methods Gather published works about the research progression in the systemic delivery of antihypertensive drugs through the nasal epithelium, the formulation tactics and their related in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assessment technologies in this field. Key findings Intranasal drug delivery is one of the potential routes for avoiding the first pass effect, lowering drug doses, reducing systemic side effects of most antihypertensive drugs and enhancing drug bioavailability. Conclusions Compared to oral medications, nasal medications often have better bioavailability and fewer adverse effects at the same dosage, which encourages pharmaceutical companies to manufacture additional medications in the form of nasal formulations intended for systemic treatment.