1. Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou 510317 , China
2. Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5 , Canada
3. Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2 , Canada
4. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool L7 8TX , UK
5. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University , Aalborg , 9000, Denmark
6. School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool L2 2QP , UK
7. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton , Hamilton, ON L8N 4AC , Canada
8. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University , Hamilton, ON L8P 4A6 , Canada
9. Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital , Guangzhou 510317 , China