Menopausal Transition Is Not Associated with Dietary Change in Swiss Women

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Adherence to a healthy diet could contribute to maintaining adequate health throughout the menopausal transition, but data are scarce. Objective We evaluated the association between menopausal status and changes in dietary intake in Swiss adult women. Methods Cross-sectional (n = 2439) and prospective analyses (n = 1656) were conducted between 2009 and 2012 (first follow-up) among women (mean age ± SD, 58.2 ± 10.5 y) living in Lausanne, Switzerland. In both visits, dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ, and menopausal status was classified based on the presence or absence of menstruations. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the cross-sectional association of menopausal status (postmenopausal compared with premenopausal) at the first follow-up with food intake and dietary recommendations. To examine whether menopausal status (premenopausal as reference group, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal) during 5 y of follow-up was associated with longitudinal changes in diet, including adherence to dietary Swiss recommendations, we applied multivariable linear and logistic mixed models adjusted for several covariates. Results At the first follow-up, postmenopausal women consumed less (P < 0.002) meat [median (IQR) 57.2 (35–86.2) compared with 62.5 (41.2–95.2) g/d], pasta [61.8 (37.5–89.2) compared with 85 (57.8–128) g/d], and added sugar [0.1 (0–4) compared with 0.7 (0–8) g/d] and more dairy products [126 (65.4–214) compared with 109 (64.5–182) g/d] and fruit [217 (115–390) compared with 174 (83.2–319) g/d] than premenopausal women. However, linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors showed no independent (cross-sectional) associations of menopausal status with total energy intake (TEI) and individual macro- or micronutrient intakes. In the prospective analysis, compared with women who remained premenopausal during follow-up (n = 244), no differences were found in changes in TEI, dietary intakes, or adherence to the Swiss dietary recommendations in women transitioning from premenopausal to postmenopausal (n = 229) and who remained postmenopausal (n = 1168). Conclusion The menopausal transition is not associated with changes in dietary habits among Swiss women.