Mortality and disability-adjusted life years in North Africa and Middle East attributed to kidney dysfunction: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author:

Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi12ORCID,Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar13,Azadnajafabad Sina1,Mohammadi Esmaeil14ORCID,Khalaji Amirmohammad14ORCID,Malekpour Mohammad-Reza1,Keykhaei Mohammad15,Rezaei Negar16ORCID,Esfahani Zahra1,Rezaei Nazila1,Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi12ORCID,Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi1,Azadnajafabad Sina1,Mohammadi Esmaeil13ORCID,Khalaji Amirmohammad13ORCID,Malekpour Mohammad-Reza1,Keykhaei Mohammad14,Rezaei Negar15ORCID,Esfahani Zahra1,Rezaei Nazila1,Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen1,Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab21,ElHafeez Samar Abd6,Abd-Elsalam Sherief7,Abdoun Meriem8,Abu-Gharbieh Eman9,Ahmad Aqeel10,Ahmed Ayman1112,Al-Azzam Sayer13,Al-Raddadi Rajaa M14,Al-Tammemi Ala'a B1516,Dehkordi Javad Aminian1718,Amir-Behghadami Mehrdad1920,Arabloo Jalal21,Athar Mohammad2223,Athari Seyyed Shamsadin24,Babaei Mahsa2526,Babamohamadi Hassan27,Baghcheghi Nayereh28,Bagherieh Sara29,Baradaran Hamid Reza3031,Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth32,Bhojaraja Vijayalakshmi S33,Hashemi Milad Bonakdar34,Campos Luciana Aparecida3536,Dehghan Azizallah37,Elhadi Muhammed38,El-Huneidi Waseem39,Fatehizadeh Ali40,Feizkhah Alireza41,Ghadirian Fataneh42,Gholami Ali4344,Hamidi Samer45,Hassankhani Hadi4647,Heidari-Foroozan Mahsa148,Hessami Kamran4950,Hezam Kamal5152,Hosseini Mohammad-Salar53,Hoveidamanesh Soodabeh54,Irilouzadian Rana5548,Jahrami Haitham5657,Jamialahmadi Tannaz5859,Jayapal Sathish Kumar60,Karasneh Reema A61,Khan Moien A B6263,Khan Yusra H64,Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad61,Kompani Farzad65,Koohestani Hamid Reza66,Kuddus Mohammed67,Mahjoub Soleiman6869,Mahmoodpoor Ata70,Rad Elaheh Malakan71,Malik Ahmad Azam7273,Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain64,Mobayen Mohammadreza74,Mohammadi Faezeh75,Mohan Syam7677,Momtazmanesh Sara13,Natto Zuhair S7879,Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria481,Okati-Aliabad Hassan80,Rashedi Sina811,Rashidi Amirfarzan82,Rashidi Mahsa83,Redwan Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed8485,Saad Aly M A86,Sharif-Askari Fatemeh Saheb87,Sahebkar Amirhossein8889,Saki Morteza90,Samy Abdallah M91,Shaker Elaheh13,Shetty Jeevan K92,Shorofi Seyed Afshin9394,Tabish Mohammad95,Taherkhani Amir96,Umair Muhammad9798,Vahabi Seyed Mohammad99,Yazdanpanah Fereshteh100101,Yigit Arzu102,Zahir Mazyar103,Zangiabadian Moein48,Mokdad Ali H104105,Murray Christopher J L104105,Naghavi Mohsen104105,Larijani Bagher5,Farzadfar Farshad15,Mokdad Ali H78,Murray Christopher J L78,Naghavi Mohsen78,Larijani Bagher6,Farzadfar Farshad16,

Affiliation:

1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

3. Kiel Institute for the World Economy , Kiel , Germany

4. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

5. Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

7. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA

8. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, WA , USA

9. Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates

10. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University , Shaqra, Saudi Arabia

11. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum , Khartoum, Sudan

12. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland

13. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology , Irbid , Jordan

14. Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

15. Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration , Amman , Jordan

16. Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary

17. Department of Applied Science and Technology, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA , USA

18. Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran

19. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran

20. Department of Health Service Management , Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, Tabriz, Iran

21. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

22. Department of Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia

23. Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia

24. Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan , Iran

25. Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

26. Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA , USA

27. Department of Nursing, Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services , Semnan , Iran

28. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences , Saveh , Iran

29. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran

30. Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

31. Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER), University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK

32. Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR, USA

33. Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain , Busaiteen, Bahrain

34. Urology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

35. Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University , Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil

36. College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

37. Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC) , Fasa , Iran

38. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli , Tripoli , Libya

39. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates

40. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran

41. Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran

42. Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

43. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences , Neyshabur , Iran

44. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences , Neyshabur , Iran

45. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University , Dubai , United Arab Emirates

46. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran

47. Independent Consultant, Tabriz , Iran

48. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

49. Maternal Fetal Care Center, Harvard University , Boston , MA, USA

50. Maternal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran

51. Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University , Taiz, Yemen

52. Department of Microbiology, Nankai University , Tianjin , China

53. Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran

54. Burn Research Center , Shahid Motahari Hospital, Tehran , Iran

55. Burn Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

56. College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Bahrain

57. Ministry of Health, Ministry of Health , Manama , Bahrain

58. Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran

59. Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University , Quchan , Iran

60. Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health , Muscat , Oman

61. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University , Irbid , Jordan

62. Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University , Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

63. Primary Care Department , NHS North West London, London , UK

64. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jouf University , Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

65. Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

66. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences , Saveh , Iran

67. Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail , Hail, Saudi Arabia

68. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran

69. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences , Babol, Iran

70. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran

71. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

72. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

73. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan

74. Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran

75. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

76. Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia

77. Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science , Chennai , India

78. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

79. Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University , Boston , MA, USA

80. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran

81. Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

82. Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan , Iran

83. Department of Clinical Science, Islamic Azad University , Garmsar , Iran

84. Department Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Egypt

85. Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution , Alexandria , Egypt

86. Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University–Egypt , Zagazig, Egypt

87. Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates

88. Department of Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran

89. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran

90. Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran

91. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt

92. Department of Biochemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain , Busaiteen, Bahrain

93. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari, Iran

94. Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide, SA, Australia

95. Department of Pharmacology, Shaqra University , Shaqra, Saudi Arabia

96. Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran

97. Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

98. Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology , Lahore , Pakistan

99. Faculty Of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

100. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz, Iran

101. Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

102. Department of Health Management, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi (Süleyman Demirel University) , Isparta , Türkiye

103. Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

104. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington , Seattle , WA, USA

105. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle , WA, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background The study aimed to estimate the attributable burden to kidney dysfunction as a metabolic risk factor in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region and its 21 countries in 1990–2019. Methods The data used in this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 study, which provided estimated measures of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and other epidemiological indicators of burden. To provide a better insight into the differences in the level of social, cultural, and economic factors, the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) was used. Results In the NAME region in 2019, the number of deaths attributed to kidney dysfunction was 296 632 (95% uncertainty interval: 249 965–343 962), which was about 2.5 times higher than in the year 1990. Afghanistan, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia had the highest, and Kuwait, Turkey, and Iran (Islamic Republic of) had the lowest age-standardized rate of DALYs attributed to kidney dysfunction in the region in 2019. Kidney dysfunction was accounted as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease with 150 471, 111 812, 34 068, and 281 attributable deaths, respectively, in 2019 in the region. In 2019, both low-SDI and high-SDI countries in the region experienced higher burdens associated with kidney dysfunction compared to other countries. Conclusions Kidney dysfunction increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases burden and accounted for more deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases than chronic kidney disease in the region in 2019. Hence, policymakers in the NAME region should prioritize kidney disease prevention and control, recognizing that neglecting its impact on other diseases is a key limitation in its management.

Funder

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Transplantation,Nephrology

Reference49 articles.

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