Gut-immune axis and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease

Author:

Behrens Felix1234ORCID,Bartolomaeus Hendrik2356ORCID,Wilck Nicola2356ORCID,Holle Johannes1235ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany

2. Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a cooperation of Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) , Berlin , Germany

3. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany

4. Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany

5. Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) , Berlin , Germany

6. Department of Nephrology und Intensive Medical Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from marked cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, so lowering the cardiovascular risk is paramount to improve quality of life and survival in CKD. Manifold mechanisms are hold accountable for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and recently inflammation arose as novel risk factor significantly contributing to progression of CVD. While the gut microbiome was identified as key regulator of immunity and inflammation in several disease, CKD-related microbiome-immune interaction gains increasing importance. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on microbiome dysbiosis in CKD, subsequent changes in bacterial and host metabolism and how this drives inflammation and CVD in CKD. Moreover, we outline potential therapeutic targets along the gut-immune-cardiovascular axis that could aid the combat of CVD development and high mortality in CKD.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Transplantation,Nephrology

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