Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes

Author:

Gwinn William M1,Auerbach Scott S1,Parham Fred1,Stout Matthew D1,Waidyanatha Suramya1,Mutlu Esra1,Collins Brad1,Paules Richard S1ORCID,Merrick Bruce Alex1,Ferguson Stephen1ORCID,Ramaiahgari Sreenivasa1,Bucher John R1,Sparrow Barney2,Toy Heather2,Gorospe Jenni2,Machesky Nick2,Shah Ruchir R3,Balik-Meisner Michele R3,Mav Deepak3,Phadke Dhiral P3,Roberts Georgia1,DeVito Michael J1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

2. Battelle, West Jefferson, Ohio 43162

3. Sciome, Durham, North Carolina 27713

Abstract

Abstract A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological endpoints from traditional toxicity studies. Eighteen chemicals, most having been tested by the National Toxicology Program in 2-year bioassays, were evaluated. Some of these chemicals are potent hepatotoxicants (eg, DE71, PFOA, and furan) in rodents, some exhibit toxicity but have minimal hepatic effects (eg, acrylamide and α,β-thujone), and some exhibit little overt toxicity (eg, ginseng and milk thistle extract) based on traditional toxicological evaluations. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed once daily for 5 consecutive days by oral gavage to 8–10 dose levels for each chemical. Liver and kidney were collected 24 h after the final exposure and total RNA was assayed using high-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) with the rat S1500+ platform. HTT data were analyzed using BMD Express 2 to determine transcriptional gene set BMD values. BMDS was used to determine BMD values for histopathological effects from chronic or subchronic toxicity studies. For many of the chemicals, the lowest transcriptional BMDs from the 5-day assays were within a factor of 5 of the lowest histopathological BMDs from the toxicity studies. These data suggest that using HTT in a 5-day in vivo rat model provides reasonable estimates of BMD values for traditional apical endpoints. This approach may be useful to prioritize chemicals for further testing while providing actionable data in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Funder

National Toxicology Program

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

NIEHS

National Institutes of Health

NIH

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Toxicology

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