BRD2 promotes antibody class switch recombination by facilitating DNA repair in collaboration with NIPBL

Author:

Gothwal Santosh K1,Refaat Ahmed M123,Nakata Mikiyo12,Stanlie Andre1,Honjo Tasuku12ORCID,Begum Nasim A12

Affiliation:

1. Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto  606-8501 , Japan

2. Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto  606-8501 , Japan

3. Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University , El-Minia  61519 , Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks in the Ig heavy chain gene locus is crucial for B-cell antibody class switch recombination (CSR). The regulatory dynamics of the repair pathway direct CSR preferentially through nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) over alternative end joining (AEJ). Here, we demonstrate that the histone acetyl reader BRD2 suppresses AEJ and aberrant recombination as well as random genomic sequence capture at the CSR junctions. BRD2 deficiency impairs switch (S) region synapse, optimal DNA damage response (DDR), and increases DNA break end resection. Unlike BRD4, a similar bromodomain protein involved in NHEJ and CSR, BRD2 loss does not elevate RPA phosphorylation and R-loop formation in the S region. As BRD2 stabilizes the cohesion loader protein NIPBL in the S regions, the loss of BRD2 or NIPBL shows comparable deregulation of S-S synapsis, DDR, and DNA repair pathway choice during CSR. This finding extends beyond CSR, as NIPBL and BRD4 have been linked to Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a developmental disorder exhibiting defective NHEJ and Ig isotype switching. The interplay between these proteins sheds light on the intricate mechanisms governing DNA repair and immune system functionality.

Funder

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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