Subtyping and prognostic model construction based on vesicle-mediated transport-related genes in colorectal cancer

Abstract

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is impacted by various environmental and genetic variables. Dysregulation of vesicle-mediated transport-related genes (VMTRGs) has been observed in many malignancies, but their effect on prognosis in CRC remains unclear. Methods CRC samples were clustered into varying subtypes per differential expression of VMTRGs. R package was utilized to explore differences in survival, immune, and drug sensitivity among different disease subtypes. According to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between subtypes, regression analysis was employed to build a riskscore model and identify independent prognostic factors. The model was validated through a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Immune landscape, immunophenoscore (IPS), and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores for different risk groups were calculated. Results Two subtypes of CRC were identified based on VMTRGs, which showed significant differences in survival rates, immune cell infiltration abundance, immune functional activation levels, and immune checkpoint expression levels. Cluster2 exhibited higher sensitivity to anti-tumor drugs such as Nilotinib, Cisplatin, and Oxaliplatin compared to Cluster1. DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as epidermis development, epidermal cell differentiation, and receptor-ligand activity, and signaling pathways like pancreatic secretion. The constructed 13-gene riskscore model demonstrated good predictive ability for CRC patients’ prognosis. Furthermore, differences in immune landscape, IPS, and TIDE scores were observed among different risk groups. Conclusion This study successfully obtained two CRC subtypes with distinct survival statuses and immune levels based on differential expression of VMTRGs. A 13-gene risk model was constructed. The findings had important implications for prognosis and treatment of CRC.