Gamma-ray observations of MAXI J1820+070 during the 2018 outburst
Author:
Abe H1, Abe S1, Acciari V A2, Aniello T3, Ansoldi S4, Antonelli L A3, Arbet Engels A5, Arcaro C6, Artero M7, Asano K1, Baack D8, Babić A9, Baquero A10, Barres de Almeida U11, Barrio J A10, Batković I6, Baxter J1, Becerra González J2, Bednarek W12, Bernardini E6, Bernardos M13, Berti A5, Besenrieder J5, Bhattacharyya W14, Bigongiari C3, Biland A15, Blanch O7, Bonnoli G3, Bošnjak Ž9, Burelli I4, Busetto G6, Carosi R16, Carretero-Castrillo M17, Ceribella G1, Chai Y5, Chilingarian A18, Cikota S9, Colombo E2, Contreras J L10, Cortina J19, Covino S3, D’Amico G20, D’Elia V3, Da Vela P16, Dazzi F3, De Angelis A6, De Lotto B4, Del Popolo A21, Delfino M7, Delgado J7, Delgado Mendez C19, Depaoli D22, Di Pierro F22, Di Venere L23, Dominis Prester D24, Donini A3, Dorner D25, Doro M6, Elsaesser D8, Emery G26, Fallah Ramazani V27, Fariña L7, Fattorini A8, Font L28, Fruck C5, Fukami S15, Fukazawa Y29, García López R J2, Garczarczyk M14, Gasparyan S30, Gaug M28, Giesbrecht Paiva J G11, Giglietto N23, Giordano F23, Gliwny P12, Godinović N31, Grau R7, Green D5, Green J G5, Hadasch D1, Hahn A5, Hassan T19, Heckmann L5, Herrera J2, Hoang J10ORCID, Hrupec D32, Hütten M1, Imazawa R29, Inada T1, Iotov R25, Ishio K12, Jiménez Martínez I19, Jormanainen J27, Kerszberg D7, Kobayashi Y1, Kubo H1, Kushida J33, Lamastra A3, Lelas D31, Leone F3, Lindfors E27, Linhoff L8, Lombardi S3, Longo F4, López-Coto R6, López-Moya M10, López-Oramas A2, Loporchio S23, Lorini A34, Lyard E26, Fraga B Machado de Oliveira11, Majumdar P35, Makariev M36, Maneva G36, Mang N8, Manganaro M24, Mangano S19, Mannheim K25, Mariotti M6, Martínez M7, Mas Aguilar A10, Mazin D15, Menchiari S34, Mender S8, Mićanović S24, Miceli D6, Miener T10, Miranda J M34, Mirzoyan R5, Molina E17ORCID, Mondal H A35, Moralejo A7, Morcuende D10, Moreno V28, Nakamori T37, Nanci C3, Nava L3, Neustroev V38, Nievas Rosillo M2, Nigro C7, Nilsson K27, Nishijima K33, Njoh Ekoume T2, Noda K1, Nozaki S5, Ohtani Y1, Oka T39, Okumura A40, Otero-Santos J2, Paiano S3, Palatiello M4, Paneque D5, Paoletti R34, Paredes J M17, Pavletić L24, Persic M4, Pihet M5, Pirola G5, Podobnik F34, Prada Moroni P G16, Prandini E6, Principe G4, Priyadarshi C7, Puljak I31, Rhode W8, Ribó M17, Rico J7, Righi C3, Rugliancich A16, Sahakyan N30, Saito T1, Sakurai S1, Satalecka K27, Saturni F G3, Schleicher B25, Schmidt K8, Schmuckermaier F5, Schubert J L8, Schweizer T5, Sitarek J12, Sliusar V26, Sobczynska D12, Spolon A6, Stamerra A3, Strišković J32, Strom D5, Strzys M1, Suda Y29, Surić T41, Tajima H40, Takahashi M40, Takeishi R1, Tavecchio F3, Temnikov P36, Terauchi K39, Terzić T24, Teshima M51, Tosti L42, Truzzi S34, Tutone A3, Ubach S28, van Scherpenberg J5, Vazquez Acosta M2, Ventura S34, Verguilov V36, Viale I6, Vigorito C F22, Vitale V43, Vovk I1, Walter R26, Will M5, Wunderlich C34, Yamamoto T44, Zarić D31, Abdalla H45, Aharonian F4647, Ait Benkhali F48, Angüner E O49, Ashkar H50, Backes M4551, Baghmanyan V52, Barbosa Martins V53, Batzofin R54, Becherini Y5556, Berge D5357, Bernlöhr K47, Böttcher M51, Boisson C58, Bolmont J59, de Bony de Lavergne M60, Bradascio F61, Breuhaus M47, Brose R46, Brun F61, Bulik T62, Bylund T56, Cangemi F59, Caroff S59, Casanova S52, Cerruti M55, Chand T51, Chandra S51, Chen A54, Chibueze O U51, Cotter G63, Cristofari P58, Damascene Mbarubucyeye J53, Devin J64, Djannati-Ataï A55, Dmytriiev A58, Egberts K65, Ernenwein J-P49, Fiasson A60, Fichet de Clairfontaine G58, Fontaine G50, Füßling M53, Funk S66, Gabici S55, Ghafourizadeh S48, Giavitto G53, Glawion D66, Glicenstein J F61, Goswami P51, Grolleron G59, Hinton J A47, Hörbe M63, Hoischen C65, Holch T L53, Holler M67, Horns D68, Huang Zhiqiu47, Jamrozy M69, Jankowsky F48, Joshi V66, Jung-Richardt I66, Kasai E47, Katarzyński K70, Katz U66, Khélifi B55, Kluźniak W71, Komin Nu54, Kosack K61, Kostunin D53, Lang R G66, Le Stum S49ORCID, Lemière A55, Lemoine-Goumard M64, Lenain J-P59, Leuschner F72, Lohse T57, Luashvili A58, Lypova I48, Mackey J46, Majumdar J53, Malyshev D72ORCID, Malyshev D66, Marandon V47, Marchegiani P54, Martí-Devesa G67, Marx R48, Maurin G60, Meyer M68, Mitchell A4766, Moderski R71, Mohrmann L47, Montanari A61, Moulin E61, Muller J50, Murach T53, Nakashima K66, de Naurois M50, Nayerhoda A52, Niemiec J52, Priyana Noel A69, O’Brien P73, Ohm S53, Olivera-Nieto L47, de Ona Wilhelmi E53, Ostrowski M69, Panny S67, Panter M47, Parsons R D57, Poireau V60, Prokhorov D A74, Prokoph H53, Pühlhofer G72, Punch M5556, Quirrenbach A48, Reichherzer P61, Reimer A67, Reimer O67, Renaud M75, Rieger F47, Rowell G76, Rudak B71, Rueda Ricarte H61, Ruiz-Velasco E47, Sahakian V77, Salzmann H72, Santangelo A72, Sasaki M66, Schäfer J66, Schüssler F61, Schutte H M59, Schwanke U57, Shapopi J N S47, Sol H58, Specovius A66, Spencer S71, Stawarz Ł69, Steenkamp R47, Steinmassl S47, Steppa C65, Sushch I51, Suzuki H78, Takahashi T79, Tanaka T78, Thorpe-Morgan C72, Tluczykont M68, Tomankova L66, Tsuji N80, Uchiyama Y81, van Eldik C66, van Soelen B82, Vecchi M83, Veh J66, Venter C51, Vink J74, Wagner S J48, White R47, Wierzcholska A52, Wong Yu Wun66, Yusafzai A66, Zacharias M5158, Zanin R47, Zargaryan D46, Zdziarski A A71, Zech A58, Zhu S J53, Zouari S55, Żywucka N51, Acharyya A84, Adams C B85, Batista P86, Benbow W87, Capasso M88, Christiansen J L89, Chromey A J90, Errando M91, Falcone A92, Feng Q88, Finley J P93, Foote G M94, Fortson L95, Furniss A96, Gent A97, Hanlon W F87, Hervet O98, Holder J94, Hona B99, Humensky T B85, Jin W84, Kaaret P100, Kertzman M101, Kherlakian M86, Kleiner T K86, Kumar S102, Lang M J103, Lundy M102, Maier G86, McGrath C E104, Millis J105106, Moriarty P103, Mukherjee R88, O’Brien S102, Ong R A107, Park N108ORCID, Patel S R86, Pfrang K86, Pohl M86109, Pueschel E86, Quinn J104, Ragan K102, Reynolds P T110, Ribeiro D85, Roache E87, Ryan J L107, Sadeh I86, Saha L87, Santander M84, Sembroski G H93, Shang R107, Splettstoesser M98, Tak D86, Tucci J V111, Weinstein A90, Williams D A98, Williamson T J94, Bosch-Ramon V17, Celma C112, Linares M112113, Russell D M114, Sala G112115, , ,
Affiliation:
1. Japanese MAGIC Group: Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, 277-8582 Chiba, Japan 2. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Dpto. de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 3. National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) , I-00136 Rome, Italy 4. Università di Udine and INFN Trieste , I-33100 Udine, Italy 5. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik , D-80805 München, Germany 6. Università di Padova and INFN , I-35131 Padova, Italy 7. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain 8. Technische Universität Dortmund , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany 9. Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Zagreb , Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER), 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 10. IPARCOS Institute and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040 Madrid, Spain 11. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) , URCA 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil 12. University of Lodz , Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, Department of Astrophysics, PL-90-236 Lodz, Poland 13. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain 14. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany 15. ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland 16. Università di Pisa and INFN Pisa , I-56126 Pisa, Italy 17. Universitat de Barcelona , ICCUB, IEEC-UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain 18. Armenian MAGIC Group: A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory , 0036 Yerevan, Armenia 19. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas , Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain 20. Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen , 5007 Bergen, Norway 21. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Catania and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, University of Catania , I-95123 Catania, Italy 22. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Torino and Università degli Studi di Torino , I-10125 Torino, Italy 23. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari , I-70125 Bari, Italy 24. Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Rijeka, Faculty of Physics , 51000 Rijeka, Croatia 25. Universität Würzburg , D-97074 Würzburg, Germany 26. University of Geneva , Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland 27. Finnish MAGIC Group: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland 28. Departament de Física, and CERES-IEEC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain 29. Japanese MAGIC Group: Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University , 739-8526 Hiroshima, Japan 30. Armenian MAGIC Group: ICRANet-Armenia at NAS RA , 0019 Yerevan, Armenia 31. Croatian MAGIC Group: University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (FESB) , 21000 Split, Croatia 32. Croatian MAGIC Group: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics , 31000 Osijek, Croatia 33. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Tokai University , Hiratsuka, 259-1292 Kanagawa, Japan 34. Università di Siena and INFN Pisa , I-53100 Siena, Italy 35. Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics , A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata 700064, India 36. Inst. for Nucl. Research and Nucl. Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria 37. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Yamagata University , Yamagata 990-8560, Japan 38. Finnish MAGIC Group: Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu , FI-90014 Oulu, Finland 39. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Kyoto University , 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan 40. Japanese MAGIC Group: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe, Nagoya University , 464-6801 Nagoya, Japan 41. Croatian MAGIC Group: Ruđer Bošković Institute , 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 42. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Sezione di Perugia , I-06123 Perugia, Italy 43. INFN MAGIC Group: INFN Roma Tor Vergata , I-00133 Roma, Italy 44. Japanese MAGIC Group: Department of Physics, Konan University , Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan 45. University of Namibia, Department of Physics , Private Bag 13301, Windhoek 10005, Namibia 46. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , 31 Fitzwilliam Place, D04 C932 Dublin 2, Ireland 47. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , PO Box 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany 48. Landessternwarte, Universität Heidelberg , Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany 49. Aix Marseille Université , CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille, France 50. Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet , École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France 51. Centre for Space Research, North-West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa 52. Instytut Fizyki Ja̧drowej PAN , ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31-342 Kraków, Poland 53. DESY , D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany 54. School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand , 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa 55. Université Paris Cité , CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France 56. Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Linnaeus University , SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden 57. Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Newtonstr. 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany 58. Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Observatoire de Paris , Université PSL, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-92190 Meudon, France 59. Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France 60. Université Savoie Mont Blanc , CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France 61. IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 62. Astronomical Observatory, The University of Warsaw , Al. Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00-478 Warsaw, Poland 63. University of Oxford, Department of Physics , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK 64. Université Bordeaux , CNRS, LP2I Bordeaux, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France 65. Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany 66. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics , Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany 67. Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 68. Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik , Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany 69. Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagielloński , ul. Orla 171, PL-30-244 Kraków, Poland 70. Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Grudziadzka 5, PL-87-100 Torun, Poland 71. Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warsaw, Poland 72. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany 73. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester , University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK 74. GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands 75. Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier , CNRS/IN2P3, CC 72, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 76. School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide 5005, Australia 77. Yerevan Physics Institute , 2 Alikhanian Brothers St., 375036 Yerevan, Armenia 78. Department of Physics, Konan University , 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan 79. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan 80. RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan 81. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University , 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan 82. Department of Physics, University of the Free State , PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa 83. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, the Netherlands 84. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA 85. Physics Department, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA 86. DESY , Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany 87. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 88. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University , NY 10027, USA 89. Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, CA 94307, USA 90. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University , Ames, IA 50011, USA 91. Department of Physics, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA 92. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA 93. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA 94. Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, USA 95. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 96. Department of Physics, California State University - East Bay , Hayward, CA 94542, USA 97. School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology , 837 State Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0430, USA 98. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 99. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 100. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa , Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA 101. Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University , Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA 102. Physics Department, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada 103. School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway , University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland 104. School of Physics, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland 105. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ball State University , Muncie, IN 47306, USA 106. Department of Physics, Anderson University , 1100 East 5th Street, Anderson, IN 46012, USA 107. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 108. Department of Physics, Queen’s University , Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada 109. Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam , D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany 110. Department of Physical Sciences, Munster Technological University , Bishopstown, Cork T12 P928, Ireland 111. Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 112. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) , E-08019 Barcelona, Spain 113. Institutt for Fysikk, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 7491 Trondheim, Norway 114. Center for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi , PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE 115. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
Abstract
ABSTRACT
MAXI J1820+070 is a low-mass X-ray binary with a black hole (BH) as a compact object. This binary underwent an exceptionally bright X-ray outburst from 2018 March to October, showing evidence of a non-thermal particle population through its radio emission during this whole period. The combined results of 59.5 h of observations of the MAXI J1820+070 outburst with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS experiments at energies above 200 GeV are presented, together with Fermi-LAT data between 0.1 and 500 GeV, and multiwavelength observations from radio to X-rays. Gamma-ray emission is not detected from MAXI J1820+070, but the obtained upper limits and the multiwavelength data allow us to put meaningful constraints on the source properties under reasonable assumptions regarding the non-thermal particle population and the jet synchrotron spectrum. In particular, it is possible to show that, if a high-energy (HE) gamma-ray emitting region is present during the hard state of the source, its predicted flux should be at most a factor of 20 below the obtained Fermi-LAT upper limits, and closer to them for magnetic fields significantly below equipartition. During the state transitions, under the plausible assumption that electrons are accelerated up to ∼500 GeV, the multiwavelength data and the gamma-ray upper limits lead consistently to the conclusion that a potential HE and very-HE gamma-ray emitting region should be located at a distance from the BH ranging between 1011 and 1013 cm. Similar outbursts from low-mass X-ray binaries might be detectable in the near future with upcoming instruments such as CTA.
Funder
BMBF INFN INAF SNF AEI University of Tokyo JSPS MEXT Academy of Finland Generalitat de Catalunya Croatian Science Foundation University of Rijeka DFG Ministry of Education and Science MCTIC CNPq FAPERJ Max Planck Society German Research Foundation Helmholtz Association Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Science and Technology Facilities Council Irish Research Council Science Foundation Ireland Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation National Research Foundation University of Namibia NCRST University of Amsterdam U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Smithsonian Institution MCIN Ministry of Science and Innovation European Research Council MINECO
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cited by
7 articles.
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