TOI–757 b: an eccentric transiting mini–Neptune on a 17.5–d orbit-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

TOI–757 b: an eccentric transiting mini–Neptune on a 17.5–d orbit

Published:2024-07-31 Issue:1 Volume:533 Page:1-26
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
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Author:

Alqasim A¹^ORCID,Grieves N²^ORCID,Rosário N M³⁴^ORCID,Gandolfi D⁵^ORCID,Livingston J H⁶^ORCID,Sousa S³^ORCID,Collins K A⁷^ORCID,Teske J K⁸^ORCID,Fridlund M⁹¹⁰^ORCID,Egger J A¹¹^ORCID,Cabrera J¹²^ORCID,Hellier C¹³^ORCID,Lanza A F¹⁴^ORCID,Van Eylen V¹^ORCID,Bouchy F²^ORCID,Oelkers R J¹⁵¹⁶,Srdoc G¹⁷,Shectman S¹⁸^ORCID,Günther M¹⁹^ORCID,Goffo E⁵²⁰^ORCID,Wilson T²¹^ORCID,Serrano L M⁵,Brandeker A²²,Wang S X²³,Heitzmann A²⁴,Bonfanti A²⁵,Fossati L²⁵,Alibert Y¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Delrez L²⁷²⁸²⁹^ORCID,Sefako R³⁰^ORCID,Barros S³⁴^ORCID,Collins K I³¹^ORCID,Demangeon O D S³⁴^ORCID,Albrecht S H³²^ORCID,Alonso R³³³⁴^ORCID,Asquier J¹⁹,Barczy T³⁵^ORCID,Barrado D³⁶^ORCID,Baumjohann W²⁵^ORCID,Beck T¹¹,Benz W¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Billot N²^ORCID,Borsato L³⁷^ORCID,Broeg C¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Bryant E M¹^ORCID,Butler R P⁸^ORCID,Cochran W D³⁸³⁹^ORCID,Cameron A Collier⁴⁰^ORCID,Correia A C M⁴¹,Crane J D¹⁸^ORCID,Csizmadia Sz¹²^ORCID,Cubillos P E²⁵⁴²,Davies M B⁴³^ORCID,Daylan T⁴⁴^ORCID,Deleuil M⁴⁵^ORCID,Deline A²,Demory B -O¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Derekas A⁴⁶,Edwards B⁴⁷,Ehrenreich D²⁴⁸^ORCID,Erikson A¹²,Essack Z⁴⁹^ORCID,Fortier A¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Gazeas K⁵⁰^ORCID,Gillon M²⁷^ORCID,Gudel M⁵¹,Hasiba J²⁵,Hatzes A P²⁰,Helling Ch²⁰²⁵,Hirano T⁵²⁵³,Howell S B⁵⁴^ORCID,Hoyer S⁴⁵^ORCID,Isaak K G¹⁹^ORCID,Jenkins J M⁵⁴^ORCID,Kanodia S⁸^ORCID,Kiss L L⁵⁵⁵⁶,Korth J⁵⁷^ORCID,Lam K W F¹²^ORCID,Laskar J⁵⁸^ORCID,Etangs A Lecavelier des⁵⁹^ORCID,Lendl M²^ORCID,Lund M B⁶⁰^ORCID,Luque R⁶¹^ORCID,Mann A W⁶²^ORCID,Magrin D³⁷^ORCID,Maxted P F L¹³^ORCID,Mordasini C¹¹²⁶,Narita N⁵²⁶³⁶⁴^ORCID,Nascimbeni V³⁷^ORCID,Nowak G³⁴⁶⁴⁶⁵,Olofsson G²²^ORCID,Osborn H P¹¹⁶⁶^ORCID,Osborne H L M¹⁶⁷,Osip D⁶⁸^ORCID,Ottensamer R⁵¹^ORCID,Pagano I¹⁴^ORCID,Palle E³³³⁴^ORCID,Peter G⁶⁹^ORCID,Piotto G³⁷⁷⁰^ORCID,Pollacco D⁵¹,Queloz D⁷¹⁷²^ORCID,Ragazzoni R³⁷⁷⁰^ORCID,Rando N¹⁹,Rauer H¹²⁷³⁷⁴^ORCID,Redfield S⁷⁵^ORCID,Ribas I⁷⁶⁷⁷^ORCID,Rice M⁷⁸^ORCID,Ricker G R⁶⁶^ORCID,Rieder M¹¹,Salmon S²²⁸,Santos N C³⁴^ORCID,Scandariato G¹⁴^ORCID,Seager S⁶⁶⁷⁹⁸⁰^ORCID,Segransan D²^ORCID,Shporer A⁶⁶^ORCID,Simon A E¹¹²⁶^ORCID,Smith A M S¹²^ORCID,Stalport M²⁷²⁸,Szabo Gy M⁴⁶⁸¹^ORCID,Thompson I¹⁸,Twicken J D⁵⁴⁸²^ORCID,Udry S²^ORCID,Vanderspek R⁶⁶^ORCID,Van Grootel V²⁸^ORCID,Venturini J²^ORCID,Villaver E³³³⁴,Villaseñor J⁶⁶,Viotto V³⁷^ORCID,Walter I⁶⁹,Walton N A⁸³^ORCID,Winn J N⁸⁴^ORCID,Yee S W⁷⁸⁴⁸⁵^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory , Holmbury Hill Road, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT , UK

2. Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève , 51 Chemin Pegasi, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

3. Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP , Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto , Portugal

4. Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto , Portugal

5. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino , Italy

6. Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan

7. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

8. Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 , USA

9. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-439 92 Onsala , Sweden

10. Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden , the Netherlands

11. Weltraumforschung und Planetologie, Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland

12. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin , Germany

13. Astrophysics Group, Lennard Jones Building, Keele University , Staffordshire ST5 5BG , UK

14. INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania , Via S. Sofia, 78, I-95123 Catania , Italy

15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843-4242 , USA

16. Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, The University of Texas , Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520 , USA

17. Kotizarovci Observatory , Sarsoni 90, Viskovo 51216 , Croatia

18. The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 , USA

19. European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) , Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk , the Netherlands

20. Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg , Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg , Germany

21. Institute for Theoretical Physics and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology , Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz , Austria

22. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

23. Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University , AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden

24. Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , People’s Republic of China

25. Observatoire astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix , Switzerland

26. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz , Austria

27. Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland

28. Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège , Belgium

29. Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège , Belgium

30. Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven , Belgium

31. South African Astronomical Observatory , P.O. Box 9, Observatory, Cape Town 7935 , South Africa

32. Physics and Astronomy Department, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 , USA

33. Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University , Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark

34. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

35. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL) , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

36. Admatis , 5. Kandó Kálmán Street, H-3534 Miskolc , Hungary

37. Depto. de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA) , ESAC campus, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid) , Spain

38. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova , Italy

39. McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas , Austin, TX, 78712 , USA

40. Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, The University of Texas , Austin, TX, 78712 , USA

41. Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS , UK

42. CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra , P-3004-516 Coimbra , Portugal

43. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Via Osservatorio, 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese To , Italy

44. Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund , Sweden

45. Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University , St. Louis, MO 63130 , USA

46. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM , 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille , France

47. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory , H-9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112 , Hungary

48. SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Niels Bohrweg 4, NL-2333 CA Leiden , the Netherlands

49. Centre Vie dans l’Univers, Faculté des sciences, Université de Genève , Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève 4 , Switzerland

50. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 , USA

51. Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , University Campus, Zografos GR-157 84 Athens , Greece

52. Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna , Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna , Austria

53. Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 , Japan

54. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 , Japan

55. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035 , USA

56. Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17 , Hungary

57. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest , Hungary

58. Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University , Box 43, H-22100 Lund , Sweden

59. IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ. , Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, F-75014 Paris , France

60. Institut d’astrophysique de Paris , UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis blvd. Arago, F-75014 Paris , France

61. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

62. Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 , USA

63. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599 , USA

64. Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan

65. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , c/ Via Lactea, s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife , Spain

66. Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Grudzia̧dzka 5, PL-87-100 Toruń , Poland

67. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

68. European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München , Germany

69. Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena 1720238 , Chile

70. Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin , Germany

71. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova , Italy

72. ETH Zurich, Department of Physics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland

73. Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK

74. Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin , Germany

75. Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universitaet Berlin , Maltheserstrasse 74-100, D-12249 Berlin , Germany

76. Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , Middletown, CT 06459 , USA

77. Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra , Spain

78. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , Gran Capità 2-4, E-08034 Barcelona , Spain

79. Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511 , USA

80. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

81. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics , MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

82. HUN-REN–ELTE Exoplanet Research Group , Szent Imre h. u. 112., H-9700 Szombathely , Hungary

83. SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043 , USA

84. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA , UK

85. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the spectroscopic confirmation and fundamental properties of TOI$-$757 b, a mini$-$Neptune on a 17.5$-$d orbit transiting a bright star ($V\, =\, 9.7$ mag) discovered by the TESS mission. We acquired high$-$precision radial velocity measurements with the HARPS, ESPRESSO, and PFS spectrographs to confirm the planet detection and determine its mass. We also acquired space$-$borne transit photometry with the CHEOPS space telescope to place stronger constraints on the planet radius, supported with ground$-$based LCOGT photometry. WASP and KELT photometry were used to help constrain the stellar rotation period. We also determined the fundamental parameters of the host star. We find that TOI$-$757 b has a radius of $R_{\mathrm{p}} = 2.5 \pm 0.1 R_{\oplus }$ and a mass of $M_{\mathrm{p}} = 10.5^{+2.2}_{-2.1} M_{\oplus }$, implying a bulk density of $\rho _{\text{p}} = 3.6 \pm 0.8$ g cm$^{-3}$. Our internal composition modelling was unable to constrain the composition of TOI$-$757 b, highlighting the importance of atmospheric observations for the system. We also find the planet to be highly eccentric with e = 0.39$^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$, making it one of the very few highly eccentric planets among precisely characterized mini$-$Neptunes. Based on comparisons to other similar eccentric systems, we find a likely scenario for TOI$-$757 b’s formation to be high eccentricity migration due to a distant outer companion. We additionally propose the possibility of a more intrinsic explanation for the high eccentricity due to star$-$star interactions during the earlier epoch of the Galactic disc formation, given the low metallicity and older age of TOI$-$757.

Funder

UAE Space Agency

SNSF

CRT Foundation

FCT

SNSA

BELSPO

FEDER

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

ERDF

STFC

European Union