The young HD 73583 (TOI-560) planetary system: two 10-M⊕ mini-Neptunes transiting a 500-Myr-old, bright, and active K dwarf

Author:

Barragán O1ORCID,Armstrong D J23ORCID,Gandolfi D4ORCID,Carleo I5,Vidotto A A6ORCID,Villarreal D’Angelo C7,Oklopčić A8,Isaacson H9,Oddo D10,Collins K11ORCID,Fridlund M612ORCID,Sousa S G13ORCID,Persson C M12,Hellier C14,Howell S15,Howard A9,Redfield S16ORCID,Eisner N1ORCID,Georgieva I Y17,Dragomir D10,Bayliss D2ORCID,Nielsen L D118ORCID,Klein B1ORCID,Aigrain S1,Zhang M19,Teske J20,Twicken J D1521,Jenkins J15,Esposito M22,Van Eylen V23ORCID,Rodler F24,Adibekyan V1325,Alarcon J24,Anderson D R23,Akana Murphy J M26,Barrado D27,Barros S C C1325,Benneke B28,Bouchy F18,Bryant E M23,Butler R P20,Burt J29,Cabrera J30,Casewell S31,Chaturvedi P22,Cloutier R11,Cochran W D32,Crane J33,Crossfield I34,Crouzet N35,Collins K I36,Dai F3738,Deeg H J3940,Deline A18,Demangeon O D S1325,Dumusque X18,Figueira P1341,Furlan E42,Gnilka C42,Goad M R31,Goffo E422,Gutiérrez-Canales F43,Hadjigeorghiou A23,Hartman Z44,Hatzes A P22,Harris M10,Henderson B31,Hirano T4546,Hojjatpanah S47,Hoyer S47,Kabáth P48,Korth J17,Lillo-Box J49,Luque R50,Marmier M18,Močnik T44,Muresan A17,Murgas F3940,Nagel E43,Osborne H L M23,Osborn A23,Osborn H P3751,Palle E3940,Raimbault M18,Ricker G R37,Rubenzahl R A19,Stockdale C52,Santos N C1325,Scott N15,Schwarz R P53,Shectman S33,Raimbault M18,Seager S37,Ségransan D18,Serrano L M4,Skarka M4854,Smith A M S31,Šubjak J4855,Tan T G5657,Udry S18,Watson C58,Wheatley P J23,West R23,Winn J N38,Wang S X59,Wolfgang A60,Ziegler C61

Affiliation:

1. Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

2. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

3. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

4. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy

5. Department of Astronomy, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA

6. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands

7. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental (CONICET - UNC). Laprida 854 , X500 BGR. Córdoba, Argentina

8. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands

9. 501 Campbell Hall, University of California at Berckeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

10. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , 1919 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA

11. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

12. Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology , Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden

13. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto , CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal

14. Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

15. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

16. Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , Middletown, CT 06459, USA

17. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasma Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden

18. Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

19. Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

20. Carnegie Earth & Planets Laboratory , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA

21. SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043, USA

22. Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg , Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany

23. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

24. European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Cordova 3107, 7630391 Vitacura, Santiago de Chile, Chile

25. Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal

26. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

27. Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC) , Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain

28. Department of Physics, and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada

29. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

30. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center , Rutherford-strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

31. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester , University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK

32. McDonald Observatory and Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, University of Texas , Austin, TX 78712 USA

33. Carnegie Observatories , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA

34. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA

35. European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) , Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

36. George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

37. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

38. Department of Astrophysical Sciences , Peyton Hall, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

39. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

40. Departamento de Astrofísica , Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain

41. European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Cordova, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

42. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Caltech/IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

43. Departamento de Astronomía , Universidad de Guanajuato, Callejón de Jalisco s/n 36023, México

44. Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

45. Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

46. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

47. Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, F-13013 Marseille, France

48. Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Fričova 298, CZ-25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic

49. Centro de Astrobiología (CAB , CSIC-INTA), Depto. de Astrofísica, ESAC campus, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain

50. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC) , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain

51. NCCR/PlanetS, Centre for Space & Habitability, University of Bern , CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

52. Hazelwood Observatory , Churchill, Victoria, Australia

53. Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory , Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA

54. Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics , Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic

55. Astronomical Institute of Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2, CZ-180 00 Prague, Czech Republic

56. Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope , 337 Walnut Rd, Bickley WA 6076, Australia

57. Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia

58. Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast , BT7 1NN Belfast, UK

59. Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

60. Seniors Data Scientist , SiteZeus

61. Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, S. F. Austin State University , 1936 North St, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACTWe present the discovery and characterization of two transiting planets observed by TESS in the light curves of the young and bright (V = 9.67) star HD73583 (TOI-560). We perform an intensive spectroscopic and photometric space- and ground-based follow-up in order to confirm and characterize the system. We found that HD73583 is a young (∼500 Myr) active star with a rotational period of 12.08 ± 0.11  d, and a mass and radius of 0.73 ± 0.02 M⊙ and 0.65 ± 0.02 R⊙, respectively. HD 73583 b (Pb = $6.3980420 _{ - 0.0000062 } ^ { + 0.0000067 }$ d) has a mass and radius of $10.2 _{ - 3.1 } ^ { + 3.4 }$ M⊕ and 2.79 ± 0.10 R⊕, respectively, which gives a density of $2.58 _{ - 0.81 } ^ { + 0.95 }$ ${\rm g\, cm^{-3}}$. HD 73583 c (Pc = $18.87974 _{ - 0.00074 } ^ { + 0.00086 }$ d) has a mass and radius of $9.7 _{ - 1.7 } ^ { + 1.8 }$ M⊕ and $2.39 _{ - 0.09 } ^ { + 0.10 }$ R⊕, respectively, which translates to a density of $3.88 _{ - 0.80 } ^ { + 0.91 }$ ${\rm g\, cm^{-3}}$. Both planets are consistent with worlds made of a solid core surrounded by a volatile envelope. Because of their youth and host star brightness, they both are excellent candidates to perform transmission spectroscopy studies. We expect ongoing atmospheric mass-loss for both planets caused by stellar irradiation. We estimate that the detection of evaporating signatures on H and He would be challenging, but doable with present and future instruments.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

European Research Council

Swiss National Science Foundation

National Science Foundation

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

CNES

Ministry of Science and Innovation

Dutch Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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