Serendipitous detection of the dusty Type IIL SN 1980K with JWST/MIRI

Author:

Zsíros Szanna1ORCID,Szalai Tamás12ORCID,De Looze Ilse3ORCID,Sarangi Arkaprabha4ORCID,Shahbandeh Melissa56ORCID,Fox Ori D6ORCID,Temim Tea7ORCID,Milisavljevic Dan89ORCID,Van Dyk Schuyler D10ORCID,Smith Nathan11ORCID,Filippenko Alexei V12ORCID,Brink Thomas G12ORCID,Zheng WeiKang12,Dessart Luc13,Jencson Jacob5ORCID,Johansson Joel14ORCID,Pierel Justin6,Rest Armin56ORCID,Tinyanont Samaporn1516ORCID,Niculescu-Duvaz Maria17,Barlow M J17ORCID,Wesson Roger18ORCID,Andrews Jennifer19,Clayton Geoff20ORCID,De Kishalay21,Dwek Eli22,Engesser Michael6,Foley Ryan J15,Gezari Suvi6,Gomez Sebastian6ORCID,Gonzaga Shireen6,Kasliwal Mansi23ORCID,Lau Ryan24,Marston Anthony25,O’Steen Richard6,Siebert Matthew6,Skrutskie Michael26,Strolger Lou6,Wang Qinan5ORCID,Williams Brian22,Williams Robert6,Xiao Lin2728ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Szeged , H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 9 , Hungary

2. HUN-REN–SZTE Stellar Astrophysics Research Group , H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766 , Hungary

3. Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 – S9, B-9000 Gent , Belgium

4. DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark

5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

6. Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

7. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA

8. Purdue University, Department of Physics and Astronomy , 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA

9. Integrative Data Science Initiative, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA

10. Caltech/IPAC , Mailcode 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

11. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry St, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA

12. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 , USA

13. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , CNRS–Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris , France

14. Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm , Sweden

15. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064 , USA

16. National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand , 260 Moo 4, Donkaew, Maerim, Chiang Mai, 50180 , Thailand

17. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower St, London WC1E 6BT , UK

18. School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA , UK

19. Gemini Observatory , 670 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii, 96720 , USA

20. Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA

21. MIT-Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

22. Observational Cosmology Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

23. Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125 , USA

24. NSF’s NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, 85719, AZ , USA

25. European Space Agency (ESA) , ESAC, E-28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid , Spain

26. Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325 , USA

27. Department of Physics, College of Physical Sciences and Technology, Hebei University , Wusidong Road 180, Baoding 071002 , China

28. Key Laboratory of High-precision Computation and Application of Quantum Field Theory of Hebei Province, Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , China

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present mid-infrared (mid-IR) imaging of the Type IIL supernova (SN) 1980K with the JWST more than 40 yr post-explosion. SN 1980K, located in the nearby (D ≈ 7 Mpc) ‘SN factory’ galaxy NGC 6946, was serendipitously captured in JWST/MIRI images taken of the field of SN 2004et in the same galaxy. SN 1980K serves as a promising candidate for studying the transitional phase between young SNe and older SN remnants and also provides a great opportunity to investigate its the close environment. SN 1980K can be identified as a clear and bright point source in all eight MIRI filters from F560W up to F2550W. We fit analytical dust models to the mid-IR spectral energy distribution that reveal a large amount (Md ≈ 0.002 M⊙) of Si-dominated dust at $T_\rm {dust}\approx 150$ K (accompanied by a hotter dust/gas component), and also computed numerical SED dust models. Radiative transfer modelling of a late-time optical spectrum obtained recently with Keck discloses that an even larger (∼0.24–0.58 M⊙) amount of dust is needed in order for selective extinction to explain the asymmetric line profile shapes observed in SN 1980K. As a conclusion, with JWST, we may see i) pre-existing circumstellar dust heated collisionally (or, partly radiatively), analogous to the equatorial ring of SN 1987A, or ii) the mid-IR component of the presumed newly-formed dust, accompanied by much more colder dust present in the ejecta (as suggested by the late-time the optical spectra).

Funder

NASA

ESA

CSA

Space Telescope Science Institute

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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