Consistent lensing and clustering in a low-S8 Universe with BOSS, DES Year 3, HSC Year 1, and KiDS-1000

Author:

Amon A12ORCID,Robertson N C12,Miyatake H34ORCID,Heymans C56,White M78ORCID,DeRose J8,Yuan S9ORCID,Wechsler R H91011,Varga T N1213ORCID,Bocquet S14,Dvornik A6,More S15,Ross A J16,Hoekstra H17,Alarcon A18,Asgari M519,Blazek J2021,Campos A22,Chen R23,Choi A24,Crocce M2526,Diehl H T27,Doux C28,Eckert K28,Elvin-Poole J1629,Everett S30,Ferté A30,Gatti M28,Giannini G31,Gruen D12,Gruendl R A3233,Hartley W G34,Herner K27,Hildebrandt H6,Huang S35,Huff E M30,Joachimi B36,Lee S23,MacCrann N37,Myles J91011,Navarro-Alsina A38,Nishimichi T439,Prat J4041,Secco L F40,Sevilla-Noarbe I42,Sheldon E43,Shin T28,Tröster T5,Troxel M A23,Tutusaus I252644,Wright A H6,Yin B22,Aguena M45,Allam S27,Annis J27,Bacon D46,Bilicki M47,Brooks D36,Burke D L911,Carnero Rosell A444849,Carretero J32,Castander F J2526,Cawthon R50,Costanzi M515253,da Costa L N4454,Pereira M E S5556,de Jong J1757,De Vicente J43,Desai S58,Dietrich J P14,Doel P47,Ferrero I59,Frieman J2741,García-Bellido J60,Gerdes D W5561,Gschwend J4454,Gutierrez G27,Hinton S R62,Hollowood D L30,Honscheid K1629,Huterer D55,Kannawadi A63,Kuehn K6465,Kuropatkin N27,Lahav O47,Lima M4566,Maia M A G4554,Marshall J L67,Menanteau F3334,Miquel R3368,Mohr J J1214,Morgan R69,Muir J70,Paz-Chinchón F232,Pieres A4454,Plazas Malagón A A63,Porredon A1729,Rodriguez-Monroy M42,Roodman A911,Sanchez E41,Serrano S2526,Shan H7172,Suchyta E73,Swanson M E C32,Tarle G55,Thomas D45,To C16,Zhang Y27

Affiliation:

1. Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

2. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

3. Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute for the Origin of Particles and the Universe (KMI), Nagoya University , Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

4. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo , Chiba 277-8583, Japan

5. Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

6. Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Astronomisches Institut, German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL) , Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany

7. Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

8. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

9. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

10. Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

11. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

12. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany

13. Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik , Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstraße 1, D-81679 München, Germany

14. The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , Post bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India

15. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstraße 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

16. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

17. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

18. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands

19. Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA

20. E.A Milne Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK

21. Department of Physics, Northeastern University , Boston, MA 02115, USA

22. Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny , CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

23. Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA

24. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708, USA

25. California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Blvd, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

26. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

27. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

28. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

29. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

30. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

31. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

32. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

33. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

34. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

35. Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva , ch. d’Écogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

36. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

37. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK

38. Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil

39. Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

40. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

41. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

42. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid, Spain

43. Brookhaven National Laboratory , Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973, USA

44. Département de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève , 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

45. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil

46. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, UK

47. Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , al. Lotników 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland

48. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

49. Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

50. Physics Department, William Jewell College , Liberty, MO 64068, USA

51. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

52. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

53. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

54. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil

55. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

56. Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

57. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands

58. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad , Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

59. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

60. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

61. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain

62. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

63. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

64. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

65. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

66. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 66318, São Paulo, SP, 05314-970, Brazil

67. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA

68. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

69. Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA

70. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , 31 Caroline St. North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

71. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) , Nandan Road 80, Shanghai 200030, China

72. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China

73. Computer Science and Mathematics Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We evaluate the consistency between lensing and clustering based on measurements from Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey combined with galaxy–galaxy lensing from Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3, Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC) Year 1, and Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS)-1000. We find good agreement between these lensing data sets. We model the observations using the Dark Emulator and fit the data at two fixed cosmologies: Planck (S8 = 0.83), and a Lensing cosmology (S8 = 0.76). For a joint analysis limited to large scales, we find that both cosmologies provide an acceptable fit to the data. Full utilization of the higher signal-to-noise small-scale measurements is hindered by uncertainty in the impact of baryon feedback and assembly bias, which we account for with a reasoned theoretical error budget. We incorporate a systematic inconsistency parameter for each redshift bin, A, that decouples the lensing and clustering. With a wide range of scales, we find different results for the consistency between the two cosmologies. Limiting the analysis to the bins for which the impact of the lens sample selection is expected to be minimal, for the Lensing cosmology, the measurements are consistent with A = 1; A = 0.91 ± 0.04 (A = 0.97 ± 0.06) using DES+KiDS (HSC). For the Planck case, we find a discrepancy: A = 0.79 ± 0.03 (A = 0.84 ± 0.05) using DES+KiDS (HSC). We demonstrate that a kinematic Sunyaev–Zeldovich-based estimate for baryonic effects alleviates some of the discrepancy in the Planck cosmology. This analysis demonstrates the statistical power of small-scale measurements; however, caution is still warranted given modelling uncertainties and foreground sample selection effects.

Funder

JSPS

KAKENHI

Japan Science and Technology Agency

European Research Council

Max Planck Society

Alexander von Humboldt Foundation

Federal Ministry of Education and Research

MEXT

National Science Centre

Ministry of Science and Higher Education

Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

NSFC

Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology

Key Research Program of Frontier Science

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Leverhulme Trust

ESO

NOVA

University of Padova

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

MICINN

ERDF

European Union

Generalitat de Catalunya

Universo Online

Office of Science

High Energy Physics

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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