Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with <i>TESS</i> and <i>CHEOPS</i>-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Gliese 12 b, a temperate Earth-sized planet at 12 parsecs discovered with TESS and CHEOPS

Published:2024-05-13 Issue:1 Volume:531 Page:1276-1293
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Dholakia Shishir¹^ORCID,Palethorpe Larissa²³⁴^ORCID,Venner Alexander¹^ORCID,Mortier Annelies⁵^ORCID,Wilson Thomas G⁶⁷^ORCID,Huang Chelsea X¹^ORCID,Rice Ken²³^ORCID,Van Eylen Vincent⁴^ORCID,Nabbie Emma¹,Cloutier Ryan⁸^ORCID,Boschin Walter⁹¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Ciardi David¹²^ORCID,Delrez Laetitia¹³¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Dransfield Georgina⁵^ORCID,Ducrot Elsa¹⁶^ORCID,Essack Zahra¹⁷^ORCID,Everett Mark E¹⁸^ORCID,Gillon Michaël¹⁹^ORCID,Hooton Matthew J²⁰^ORCID,Kunimoto Michelle²¹^ORCID,Latham David W²²^ORCID,López-Morales Mercedes²²^ORCID,Li Bin²³,Li Fan²³,McDermott Scott²⁴,Murphy Simon J¹^ORCID,Murray Catriona A²⁵,Seager Sara²¹²⁶²⁷^ORCID,Timmermans Mathilde¹³^ORCID,Triaud Amaury⁵^ORCID,Turner Daisy A⁵,Twicken Joseph D²³^ORCID,Vanderburg Andrew²¹^ORCID,Wang Su²³^ORCID,Wittenmyer Robert A¹^ORCID,Wright Duncan¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Astrophysics , West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 , Australia

2. SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ , UK

3. Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ , UK

4. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK

5. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT , UK

6. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

7. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

8. Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8 , Canada

9. Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo) , Rambla José Ana Fernández Perez 7, E-38712 Breña Baja (La Palma), Canary Islands , Spain

10. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands , Spain

11. Departamento de Astrofísica, Univ. de La Laguna, Av. del Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n , E-38205 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands , Spain

12. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

13. Astrobiology Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 août , 19, B-4000 Liège (Sart-Tilman) , Belgium

14. Space Sciences , Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège , Belgium

15. Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven , Belgium

16. AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , France

17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 , USA

18. NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719 , USA

19. Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège , Belgium

20. Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , UK

21. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

22. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

23. CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210008 , China

24. Proto-Logic Consulting LLC , Washington, DC, USA

25. Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of 34 Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO 80309 , USA

26. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

27. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report on the discovery of Gliese 12 b, the nearest transiting temperate, Earth-sized planet found to date. Gliese 12 is a bright (V = 12.6 mag, K = 7.8 mag) metal-poor M4V star only 12.162 ± 0.005 pc away from the Solar system with one of the lowest stellar activity levels known for M-dwarfs. A planet candidate was detected by TESS based on only 3 transits in sectors 42, 43, and 57, with an ambiguity in the orbital period due to observational gaps. We performed follow-up transit observations with CHEOPS and ground-based photometry with MINERVA-Australis, SPECULOOS, and Purple Mountain Observatory, as well as further TESS observations in sector 70. We statistically validate Gliese 12 b as a planet with an orbital period of 12.76144 ± 0.00006 d and a radius of 1.0 ± 0.1 R⊕, resulting in an equilibrium temperature of ∼315 K. Gliese 12 b has excellent future prospects for precise mass measurement, which may inform how planetary internal structure is affected by the stellar compositional environment. Gliese 12 b also represents one of the best targets to study whether Earth-like planets orbiting cool stars can retain their atmospheres, a crucial step to advance our understanding of habitability on Earth and across the galaxy.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Australian Research Council

European Research Council

European Union

Simons Foundation

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Link

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/531/1/1276/57828688/stae1152.pdf

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