1. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031 , Taiwan
2. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
5. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital , New Taipei City , Taiwan
6. Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
7. Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
8. Division of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan