State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Electrophysiology in 2025: A Scientific Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), and the ESC Working Group on E-Cardiology-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

State of the Art of Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Electrophysiology in 2025: A Scientific Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC, the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), and the ESC Working Group on E-Cardiology

Published:2025-03-31 Issue:5 Volume:27 Page:
ISSN:1099-5129
Container-title:Europace
language:en
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Author:

Svennberg Emma¹^ORCID,Han Janet K²^ORCID,Caiani Enrico G³⁴^ORCID,Engelhardt Sandy⁵^ORCID,Ernst Sabine⁶^ORCID,Friedman Paul⁷^ORCID,Garcia Rodrigue⁸⁹^ORCID,Ghanbari Hamid¹⁰,Hindricks Gerhard¹¹^ORCID,Man Sharon H¹²¹³^ORCID,Millet José¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Narayan Sanjiv M¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Ng G André¹⁸^ORCID,Noseworthy Peter A¹⁹^ORCID,Tjong Fleur V Y²⁰^ORCID,Ramírez Julia¹⁵²¹²²^ORCID,Singh Jagmeet P²³^ORCID,Trayanova Natalia²⁴^ORCID,Duncker David²⁵^ORCID,Tfelt Hansen Jacob²⁶²⁷,Barker Joseph²⁸²⁹,Casado-Arroyo Ruben³⁰,Chatterjee Neal A³¹,Conte Giulio³²³³,Diederichsen Søren Zöga³⁴,Linz Dominik³⁵³⁶,Mahtani Arun Umesh³⁷,Zorzi Alessandro³⁸

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine (Med H), Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm ,

2. Division of Cardiology and Cardiology Arrhythmia Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Center and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA ,

3. Politecnico di Milano, Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Department , Milan ,

4. IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Luca , Milan ,

5. Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Heidelberg University Hospital , Heidelberg ,

6. Division of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guys and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust , London ,

7. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,

8. Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Poitiers , Poitiers ,

9. Centre d’Investigations Cliniques, CIC-1402, University Hospital of Poitiers , Poitiers ,

10. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Section of Electrophysiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ,

11. German Heart Center Charite, Berlin ,

12. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester ,

13. Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust , Plymouth ,

14. EP Analytics Lab, Instituto ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia & Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV) , Valencia ,

15. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Biomateriales, Bioingeniería y Nanomedicina , Zaragoza ,

16. Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, CA ,

17. School of Information, University of California , Berkeley, CA ,

18. Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, National Institute for Health and Care Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester , Leicester ,

19. Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,

20. Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC , Amsterdam ,

21. Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza ,

22. William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London ,

23. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,

24. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD ,

25. Hannover Heart Rhythm Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,

26. Section of genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,

27. The Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen ,

28. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London ,

29. Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London ,

30. Department of Cardiology, H.U.B.-Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels ,

31. Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology, University of Washington Seattle , Seattle, WA ,

32. Department of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale , Lugano ,

33. Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana , Lugano ,

34. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen—Rigshospitalet Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,

35. Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht ,

36. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,

37. Cardiology Fellow Department of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA ,

38. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua , Padua ,

Abstract

Abstract Aims Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform cardiac electrophysiology (EP), particularly in arrhythmia detection, procedural optimization, and patient outcome prediction. However, a standardized approach to reporting and understanding AI-related research in EP is lacking. This scientific statement aims to develop and apply a checklist for AI-related research reporting in EP to enhance transparency, reproducibility, and understandability in the field. Methods and results An AI checklist specific to EP was developed with expert input from the writing group and voted on using a modified Delphi process, leading to the development of a 29-item checklist. The checklist was subsequently applied to assess reporting practices to identify areas where improvements could be made and provide an overview of the state of the art in AI-related EP research in three domains from May 2021 until May 2024: atrial fibrillation (AF) management, sudden cardiac death (SCD), and EP lab applications. The EHRA AI checklist was applied to 31 studies in AF management, 18 studies in SCD, and 6 studies in EP lab applications. Results differed between the different domains, but in no domain reporting of a specific item exceeded 55% of included papers. Key areas such as trial registration, participant details, data handling, and training performance were underreported (<20%). The checklist application highlighted areas where reporting practices could be improved to promote clearer, more comprehensive AI research in EP. Conclusion The EHRA AI checklist provides a structured framework for reporting AI research in EP. Its use can improve understanding but also enhance the reproducibility and transparency of AI studies, fostering more robust and reliable integration of AI into clinical EP practice.

Funder

Stockholm County Council

Swedish Research Council

Swedish Heart and Lung Association

British Heart Foundation

Healthcare Innovation Fund

National Institute for Health and Care Research

Dutch Research Council

European Union

MCIN

AEI

NIH