Multisectoral Approach to Address Chikungunya Outbreaks Driven by Human Mobility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background The role of human mobility in the epidemiology of emerging Aedes-transmitted viral diseases is recognized but not fully understood. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine how human mobility patterns are driving chikungunya outbreaks. Methods Literature was systematically reviewed for studies on chikungunya prevalence in countries/territories with high-level evidence of human mobility-driven outbreaks, based on: (1) emergence of chikungunya outbreaks with epidemic chikungunya virus genotypes among displaced/migrant populations and their hosting communities; and (2) identification of imported index case(s) with epidemic genotypes phylogenetically related to the genotypes circulating during emerging or subsequent outbreaks. Results The meta-analysis of extracted prevalence data revealed that a large proportion of the population in countries/territories afflicted by outbreaks is still at risk of infection during future outbreaks. On the other hand, approximately one-half of suspected chikungunya cases could be infected with other co-circulating acute febrile illnesses. Conclusions We discussed in this paper how human mobility-driven chikungunya outbreaks can be addressed, and how the involvement of several sectors in addition to the health sector in multisectoral approaches (MSAs) is important for prevention and control of chikungunya and other Aedes-transmitted arboviral outbreaks.