Review of Particle Physics

Author:

,Zyla P A1,Barnett R M1,Beringer J1,Dahl O1,Dwyer D A1,Groom D E1,Lin C -J1,Lugovsky K S12,Pianori E1,Robinson D J1,Wohl C G1,Yao W -M1,Agashe K3,Aielli G4,Allanach B C5,Amsler C6,Antonelli M7,Aschenauer E C8,Asner D M8,Baer H9,Banerjee Sw10,Baudis L11,Bauer C W1,Beatty J J12,Belousov V I2,Bethke S13,Bettini A14,Biebel O15,Black K M16,Blucher E17,Buchmuller O18,Burkert V19,Bychkov M A20,Cahn R N1,Carena M211722,Ceccucci A23,Cerri A24,Chakraborty D25,Chivukula R Sekhar26,Cowan G27,D'Ambrosio G28,Damour T29,de Florian D30,de Gouvêa A31,DeGrand T32,de Jong P33,Dissertori G34,Dobrescu B A21,D'Onofrio M35,Doser M23,Drees M36,Dreiner H K36,Eerola P37,Egede U38,Eidelman S3940,Ellis J4123,Erler J4243,Ezhela V V2,Fetscher W34,Fields B D4445,Foster B464748,Freitas A49,Gallagher H50,Garren L21,Gerber H -J34,Gerbier G51,Gershon T52,Gershtein Y53,Gherghetta T54,Godizov A A2,Gonzalez-Garcia M C555657,Goodman M58,Grab C34,Gritsan A V59,Grojean C6061,Grünewald M62,Gurtu A6323,Gutsche T64,Haber H E65,Hanhart C66,Hashimoto S67,Hayato Y68,Hebecker A69,Heinemeyer S707172,Heltsley B73,Hernández-Rey J J74,Hikasa K75,Hisano J76,Höcker A23,Holder J7778,Holtkamp A23,Huston J79,Hyodo T80,Johnson K F81,Kado M828384,Karliner M85,Katz U F86,Kenzie M52,Khoze V A8788,Klein S R8990,Klempt E91,Kowalewski R V92,Krauss F87,Kreps M52,Krusche B93,Kwon Y94,Lahav O95,Laiho J96,Lellouch L P97,Lesgourgues J98,Liddle A R99100,Ligeti Z1,Lippmann C101,Liss T M102,Littenberg L8,Lourengo C23,Lugovsky S B2,Lusiani A103104,Makida Y67,Maltoni F105106,Mannel T107,Manohar A V26,Marciano W J8,Masoni A108,Matthews J109,Meißner U -G9166,Mikhasenko M23,Miller D J110,Milstead D111,Mitchell R E112,Mönig K113,Molaro P114,Moortgat F23115,Moskovic M23,Nakamura K11667,Narain M117,Nason P118119,Navas S120,Neubert M121,Nevski P8,Nir Y122,Olive K A54,Patrignani C123,Peacock J A124,Petcov S T125116126,Petrov V A2,Pich A74,Piepke A127,Pomarol A128129,Profumo S65,Quadt A130,Rabbertz K131,Rademacker J132,Raffelt G133,Ramani H1,Ramsey-Musolf M134135136,Ratcliff B N137,Richardson P87,Ringwald A47,Roesler S23,Rolli S138,Romaniouk A139,Rosenberg L J140,Rosner J L17,Rybka G140,Ryskin M88,Ryutin R A2,Sakai Y67,Salam G P23141142,Sarkar S142,Sauli F23,Schneider O143,Scholberg K144,Schwartz A J145,Schwiening J101,Scott D146,Sharma V26,Sharpe S R140,Shutt T137,Silari M23,Sjöstrand T147,Skands P38,Skwarnicki T96,Smoot G F148149901,Soffer A85,Sozzi M S150,Spanier S151,Spiering C113,Stahl A152,Stone S L96,Sumino Y75,Sumiyoshi T153,Syphers M J2521,Takahashi F75,Tanabashi M15476,Tanaka J155,Taševský M156,Terashi K155,Terning J157,Thoma U91,Thorne R S95,Tiator L158,Titov M51,Tkachenko N P2,Tovey D R159,Trabelsi K84,Urquijo P160,Valencia G38,Van de Water R21,Varelas N161,Venanzoni G104,Verde L5756,Vincter M G162,Vogel P163,Vogelsang W64,Vogt A164,Vorobyev V3940,Wakely S P1722,Walkowiak W107,Walter C W144,Wands D165,Wascko M O18,Weinberg D H166,Weinberg E J167,White M901,Wiencke L R168,Willocq S136,Woody C L8,Workman R L169,Yokoyama M170116,Yoshida R19,Zanderighi G13,Zeller G P21,Zenin O V2171,Zhu R -Y172,Zhu S -L173,Zimmermann F23,Anderson J1,Basaglia T23,Lugovsky V S2,Schaffner P1,Zheng W174

Affiliation:

1. Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

2. Institute for High Energy Physics, C'OMPAS Group, Protvino, Russia

3. University of Maryland, Department of Physics, College Park, MD, USA

4. Universita degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy

5. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

6. Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

7. Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell'INFN, Frascati, Italy

8. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Nuclear and Particle Physics Directorate, Upton, NY, USA

9. University of Oklahoma, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Norman, OK, USA

10. University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

11. Universität Zurich, Physik-Institut, Zürich, Switzerland

12. Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, OH, USA

13. Max-Planck-Institute of Physics, Munich, Germany

14. INFN and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Padova, Padova, Italy

15. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Fakultät für Physik, Munchen, Germany

16. University of Wisconsin, Department of Physics, Madison, WI, USA

17. University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, Chicago, IL, USA

18. Imperial College, High Energy Physics Group, Blackett Laboratory, London, UK

19. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA, USA

20. University of Virginia, Department of Physics, Charlottesville, VA, USA

21. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL, USA

22. University of Chicago, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago, IL, USA

23. CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Genevè, Switzerland

24. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

25. Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA

26. Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

27. Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, London, UK

28. INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy

29. Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, Bures-sur-Yvette, France

30. UNSAM - Universidad Nacional de San Martin, International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS) and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI), Buenos Aires, Argentina

31. Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL, USA

32. University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Physics, Boulder, CO, USA

33. Nikhef and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

34. ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Zurich, Switzerland

35. University of Liverpool, Department of Physics, Liverpool, UK

36. Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut, Bonn, Germany

37. University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Helsinki, Finland

38. Monash University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Melbourne, Australia

39. Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

40. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

41. King's College London, Department of Physics, London, UK

42. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Departamento de Física Teorica, Instituto de Fisica, Mexico, Mexico

43. Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany

44. University of Illinois, Department of Astronomy, Urbana, IL, USA

45. University of Illinois, Department of Physics, Urbana, IL, USA

46. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

47. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany

48. University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Department of Physics, Oxford, UK

49. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

50. Tufts University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Medford, MA, USA

51. CEA Saclay, DSM/IRFU/SPP, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

52. University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, UK

53. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, NJ, USA

54. University of Minnesota, School of Physics and Astronomy, Minneapolis, MN, USA

55. CN Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

56. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain

57. Instituto de ciencias del Cosmos (ICC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

58. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA

59. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

60. Theoriegruppe, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany

61. Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

62. University College Dublin, School of Physics, Dublin, Ireland

63. Physics Department, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02441, Republic of Korea

64. Universität Tubingen, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Tübingen, Germany

65. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

66. Institut für Kernphysik and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany

67. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan

68. Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

69. Heidelberg University, Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg, Germany

70. Instituto de Física Teórica (UAM/CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

71. Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

72. Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CSIC-UC, Santander, Spain

73. Cornell University, Laboratory of Elementary-Particle Physics, Ithaca, NY, USA

74. IFIC — Instituto de Física Corpuscular, Universitat de Valencia — C.S.I.C., Valencia, Spain

75. Tohoku University, Department of Physics, Sendai, Japan

76. Nagoya University, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya, Japan

77. University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Newark, DE, USA

78. University of Delaware, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA

79. Michigan State University, Dept, of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, MI, USA

80. Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan

81. Florida State University, Department of Physics, Tallahassee, FL, USA

82. Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy

83. INFN Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy

84. IJCLab, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

85. Department of Particle Physics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

86. Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Niirnberg, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Erlangen, Germany

87. University of Durham, Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, Department of Physics, Durham, UK

88. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Petersburg, Russia

89. Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

90. University of California, Department of Physics, Berkeley, CA, USA

91. Universitat Bonn, Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany

92. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

93. University of Basel, Institute of Physics, Basel, Switzerland

94. Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Republic of Korea

95. University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, London, UK

96. Syracuse University, Department of Physics, Syracuse, NY, USA

97. Aix-Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, CPT, Marseille, France

98. Institute of Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH, Aachen, Germany

99. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Canada

100. Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

101. GSI, Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany

102. Division of Science, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA

103. Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy

104. INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy

105. Universitè catholique de Louvain, Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology (CPS), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

106. Università di Bologna and INFN, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Bologna, Italy

107. Universität Siegen, Department für Physik, Siegen, Germany

108. INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy

109. Louisana State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

110. University of Glasgow, School of Physics and Astronomy, Glasgow, UK

111. Stockholms Universitet, AlbaNova University Centre, Fysikum, Stockholm, Sweden

112. Indiana University, Department of Physics, Bloomington, IN, USA

113. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany

114. INAF-OATS, Trieste, Italy

115. University of Ghent, Dept, of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent, Belgium

116. University of Tokyo, Kavli IPMU (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Kashiwa, Japan

117. Brown University, Department of Physics, Providence, RI, USA

118. INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, Milano, Italy

119. Dip. di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Universita di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy

120. Universidad de Granada, Dpto. de Física Teórica y del Cosmos & C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain

121. Johannes Gutenberg University, PRISMA Cluster of Excellence and Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mainz, Germany

122. Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

123. Università di Bologna and INFN, Dip. Scienze per la Qualita della Vita, Rimini, ttaly

124. University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Institute for Astronomy, Edinburgh, UK

125. SISSA/INFN, Trieste, Italy

126. INRNE, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

127. University of Alabama, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

128. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Fisica, Barcelona, Spain

129. IFAE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

130. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, II. Physikalisches Institut, Göttingen, Germany

131. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

132. University of Bristol, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Bristol, UK

133. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Wemer-Heisenberg-Institut), München, Germany

134. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

135. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

136. University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, MA, USA

137. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA

138. DOE, Washington, DC, USA

139. National Research Nuclear University 'MEPhl“, Moscow, Russia

140. University of Washington, Department of Physics, Seattle, WA, USA

141. LPTHE, UPMC Universite de Paris 6, Paris, France

142. University of Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Oxford, UK

143. Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérate de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

144. Duke University, Physics Department, Durham, NC, USA

145. University of Cincinnati, Department of Physics, Cincinnati, OH, USA

146. University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vancouver, BC, Canada

147. Lund University, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund, Sweden

148. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong

149. Paris Centre for Cosmological Physics, APC (CNRS), Université de Paris, Paris, France

150. Pisa University, Pisa, Italy

151. University of Tennessee, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Knoxville, TN, USA

152. III. Physikalisches Institut, Physikzentrum, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

153. Tokyo Metropolitan University, High Energy Physics Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan

154. Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

155. International Center for Elementary Particle Physics (ICEPP), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

156. Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

157. Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

158. Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

159. University of Sheffield, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sheffield, UK

160. University of Melbourne, School of Physics, Victoria, Australia

161. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

162. Carleton University, Department of Physics, Ottavm, ON, Canada

163. California Institute of Technology, Kellogg Radiation Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA

164. The University of Liverpool, Division of Theoretical Physics, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool, UK

165. University of Portsmouth, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, Portsmouth, UK

166. Ohio State University, Department of Astronomy and CCAPP, Columbus, OH, USA

167. Columbia University, Department of Physics, New York, NY, USA

168. Dept, of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA

169. George Washington University Virginia Campus, Department of Physics, Ashburn, VA, USA

170. University of Tokyo, Department of Physics, Tokyo, Japan

171. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia

172. California Institute of Technology, High Energy Physics, Pasadena, CA, USA

173. School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China

174. Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China

Abstract

Abstract The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons. The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 98 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 22 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings. The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print and as a web version optimized for use on phones as well as an Android app.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

CERN

MEXT

Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

Physical Society of Japan

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy

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