A Specifically Tailored Multistrain Probiotic and Micronutrient Mixture Affects Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease—Related Markers in Patients with Obesity after Mini Gastric Bypass Surgery

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequent among patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Beyond weight reduction, dietary supplements like micronutrients or probiotics that modify insulin resistance and lipotoxicity can be used to prevent or delay the progression of liver disease. Objectives We evaluated the effect of a dietary approach with a specifically tailored multistrain probiotic and micronutrient mixture compared with a basic care micronutrient supplement on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in obese patients after mini gastric bypass (MGB) surgery. Methods This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial included 60 obese patients (age: 40 ± 10 y; BMI: 44 ± 3 kg/m²). Patients received a combination of specifically tailored multistrain probiotic powder and a specific micronutrient mixture (Pro+SM) or a control treatment consisting of a placebo and a basic care micronutrient mixture (Con+BM), with some micronutrients in lower doses than SM, for 12 wk after hospital discharge. Primary (serum ALAT) and secondary outcomes [serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), fatty liver index, NAFLD fibrosis score, glucose metabolism, blood pressure (BP), heart rate] were assessed at week 0 and week 12. Data were analyzed using unpaired Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests to compare the changes due to each treatment to one another. Results A total of 48 patients were included in the analyses. Changes in serum ALAT concentrations did not differ between groups. Compared with Con+BM, Pro+SM improved serum ASAT (difference: –8.0 U/L, 95% CI: –17.0, –4.0; P = 0.043), NAFLD fibrosis score (difference: –0.39; 95% CI: –0.78, 0; P = 0.048), serum triglycerides (difference: –22.8 mg/dL; 95% CI: –45.6, –0.1; P = 0.049) and the visceral adiposity index (difference: –0.70; 95% CI: –1.31, –0.08; P = 0.027). Conclusion Supplementation with a specifically tailored probiotic and micronutrient mixture improved NAFLD-related markers more than a basic micronutrient mixture in obese patients following MGB surgery. The trial was registered under clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03585413.