Risk of cardiovascular disease associated with long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract

Abstract Objective To examine the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with long-term use of NSAIDs in a large real-world AS cohort. Methods This nationwide population-based cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database. Patients aged ≥18 years old who were newly diagnosed with AS without prior cardiovascular disease between January 2010 and December 2018 were included in this study. Controls without AS were randomly selected by age, sex and index year. The primary outcome was cardiovascular disease, a composite outcome of ischaemic heart disease, stroke or congestive heart failure. Long-term use of NSAIDs was defined as use of NSAIDs for >365 cumulative defined daily doses. The association between long-term use of NSAIDs and incident cardiovascular disease was examined in both AS and non-AS populations. Results Among 19 775 patients with AS and 59 325 matched controls without AS, there were 1663 and 4308 incident cases of cardiovascular disease, showing an incidence of 16.9 and 13.8 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Long-term use of NSAIDs was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in non-AS controls [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.64; 95% CI 1.48–1.82]. In contrast, long-term use of NSAIDs did not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in AS patients (aHR 1.06; 95% CI 0.94–1.20; adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and TNF inhibitor use). Conclusion Prolonged NSAID treatment in AS patients may not be as harmful as in the general population regarding cardiovascular risk.