Divergent electroencephalogram resting-state functional network alterations in subgroups of autism spectrum disorder: a symptom-based clustering analysis

Author:

Zhu Gang123ORCID,Li Yuhang45,Wan Lin23,Sun Chunhua23,Liu Xinting123,Zhang Jing123,Liang Yan123,Liu Guoyin123,Yan Huimin123,Li Rihui46,Yang Guang1237

Affiliation:

1. Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China

2. Department of Pediatrics Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing , China

3. Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China

4. Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau , Taipa, Macau S.A.R. , China

5. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau , Macau S.A.R. , China

6. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau , Taipa, Macau S.A.R. , China

7. The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China

Abstract

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by etiological and phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite efforts to categorize ASD into subtypes, research on specific functional connectivity changes within ASD subgroups based on clinical presentations is limited. This study proposed a symptom-based clustering approach to identify subgroups of ASD based on multiple clinical rating scales and investigate their distinct Electroencephalogram (EEG) functional connectivity patterns. Eyes-opened resting-state EEG data were collected from 72 children with ASD and 63 typically developing (TD) children. A data-driven clustering approach based on Social Responsiveness Scales-Second Edition and Vinland-3 scores was used to identify subgroups. EEG functional connectivity and topological characteristics in four frequency bands were assessed. Two subgroups were identified: mild ASD (mASD, n = 37) and severe ASD (sASD, n = 35). Compared to TD, mASD showed increased functional connectivity in the beta band, while sASD exhibited decreased connectivity in the alpha band. Significant between-group differences in global and regional topological abnormalities were found in both alpha and beta bands. The proposed symptom-based clustering approach revealed the divergent functional connectivity patterns in the ASD subgroups that was not observed in typical ASD studies. Our study thus provides a new perspective to address the heterogeneity in ASD research.

Funder

General Project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation

Special Scientific Research Project of Military Family Planning

University of Macau

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Cognitive Neuroscience

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