The Amazon Basin’s rivers and lakes support Nearctic-breeding shorebirds during southward migration

Author:

Linscott Jennifer A1ORCID,Basso Enzo23,Bathrick Rosalyn1,Bosi de Almeida Juliana4,Anderson Alexandra M5,Angulo-Pratolongo Fernando6,Ballard Bart M7ORCID,Bêty Joël8,Brown Stephen C9,Christie Katherine S10,Clements Sarah J11,Friis Christian12ORCID,Gesmundo Callie13,Giroux Marie-Andrée14,Harrison Autumn-Lynn5ORCID,Harwood Christopher M15,Hill Jason M16,Johnson James A13,Kempenaers Bart17,Laliberté Benoit18,Lamarre Jean-Francois19,Lanctot Richard B20,Latty Christopher21,Lecomte Nicolas14ORCID,McDuffie Laura A22,Navedo Juan G32324ORCID,Nol Erica25ORCID,Pohlen Zachary M13,Rausch Jennie26,Renfrew Rosalind B16,Ruiz Jorge3,Russell Mike27,Ruthrauff Daniel R22,Saalfeld Sarah T20,Sandercock Brett K28,Schulte Shiloh A9,Smith Paul A29,Taylor Audrey R30,Tibbitts T Lee22,Valcu Mihai17ORCID,Weegman Mitch D31,Wright James R32,Senner Nathan R1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts , USA

2. OSA Conservation , Washington, DC , USA

3. Bird Ecology Lab, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile

4. Manomet Inc. , Brasília , Brazil

5. Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Migratory Bird Center , Washington, DC , USA

6. Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad – CORBIDI , Lambayeque , Perú

7. Texas A&M University Kingsville , Kingsville, Texas , USA

8. Département de Biologie et Centre d’Études Nordique, Université du Québec à Rimouski , Québec , Canada

9. Manomet Inc. , Manomet, Massachusetts , USA

10. Threatened, Endangered, and Diversity Program, Alaska Department of Fish and Game , Anchorage, Alaska , USA

11. Department of Wildlife, Fisheries & Conservation Biology, University of Maine , Orono, Maine , USA

12. Canadian Wildlife Service , Ontario Region , Toronto, Ontario , Canada

13. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Program , Anchorage, Alaska , USA

14. Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Moncton , New Brunswick , Canada

15. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge , Fairbanks, Alaska , USA

16. Vermont Center for Ecostudies , White River Junction, Vermont , USA

17. Department of Ornithology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence , Seewiesen , Germany

18. Migratory Birds Conservation Unit, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada and Climate Change , Gatineau, Québec , Canada

19. Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Research Station Campus , Nunavut , Canada

20. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Bird Management Division , Anchorage, Alaska , USA

21. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge , Fairbanks, Alaska , USA

22. U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center , Anchorage, Alaska , USA

23. Estación Experimental Quempillén, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Chiloé , Chile

24. Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE) , Santiago , Chile

25. Trent University, Biology Department , Peterborough, Ontario , Canada

26. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service , Yellowknife, Northwest Territories , Canada

27. Resource Stewardship Division, Alberta Environment and Parks, Grande Prairie , Alberta , Canada

28. Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research , Trondheim , Norway

29. Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada

30. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage , Anchorage, Alaska , USA

31. Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan , Canada

32. School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Identifying the migration routes and stopover sites used by declining species is critical for developing targeted conservation actions. Long-distance migratory shorebirds are among the groups of birds declining most rapidly, yet we frequently lack detailed knowledge about the routes and stopover sites they use during their hemisphere-spanning migrations. This is especially true for species that migrate through mid-continental regions in the Western Hemisphere. We therefore used satellite transmitters to track 212 individuals of 6 shorebird species during their southward migrations—Pluvialis dominica (American Golden-Plover), Limosa haemastica (Hudsonian Godwit), Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs), Calidris subruficollis (Buff-breasted Sandpiper), C. melanotos (Pectoral Sandpiper), and Bartramia longicauda (Upland Sandpiper)—as they crossed the Amazon Basin of South America, a region from which reports of shorebird numbers are increasing but remain relatively rare. Our results make clear that the Amazon Basin provides stopover habitat for a large number of shorebirds: more than 74% of individuals tracked crossing the Amazon Basin stopped over in the region for an average of 2–14 days, with some spending the entire nonbreeding season there. All species selected stopover sites along the region’s many rivers and lakes, while within stopover sites each species exhibited distinct habitat preferences. The timing of stopovers within sub-basins of the Amazon Basin also coincided with periods of low water, when the muddy, shallow water habitats preferred by most shorebirds are likely plentiful. Together, our results highlight the need for detailed investigations into shorebird abundance and distribution within the Amazon Basin, threats to shorebirds within particular subbasins, and links between shorebird conservation efforts and those targeting the myriad other species that inhabit this dynamic, hyper-diverse region.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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