Prognostic implication of liver fibrosis scores in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Abstract

Abstract Aims Liver fibrosis was associated with adverse outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases. The current risk stratification of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM) still largely depends on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). At present, the relationship between liver fibrosis and prognosis in patients with NIDCM remains blank. Methods and results A total of 433 NIDCM patients were analysed in this study. Liver fibrosis was assessed by three liver fibrosis scores (LFS), including aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AST/ALT ratio), and gamma-glutamyltransferase to platelet ratio (GPR). The primary endpoint was defined as all-cause mortality or heart transplantation (ACM/HTx). During a median follow-up period of 1.7 years, 140 ACM/HTx events occurred. Positive associations were observed between LFS and ACM/HTx. Patients with elevated APRI, AST/ALT ratio, and GPR scores exhibited increased ACM/HTx (all P < 0.05). Intermediate-to-high APRI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.66, 95%CI 1.06–2.61, P = 0.027], AST/ALT ratio (HR 1.59, 95%CI 1.07–2.36, P = 0.021), and GPR (HR 1.64, 95%CI 1.11–2.42, P = 0.013) were independently associated with increased risk of ACM/HTx, even after adjusting for LVEF and other covariates. The positive relationship remains consistent across different subgroups, including those with diabetes and obesity. Conclusions Elevated liver fibrosis scores were associated with a worse outcome beyond LVEF in patients with NIDCM, which may provide additional prognostic value in the management of NIDCM.