Affiliation:
1. Chad Carr Pediatric Brain Tumor Center, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
3. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA
Abstract
Abstract
The translation of RNA by ribosomes represents a central biological process and one of the most dysregulated processes in cancer. While translation is traditionally thought to occur exclusively in the protein-coding regions of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), recent transcriptome-wide approaches have shown abundant ribosome activity across diverse stretches of RNA transcripts. The most common type of this kind of ribosome activity occurs in gene leader sequences, also known as 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the mRNA, that precede the main coding sequence. Translation of these upstream open reading frames (uORFs) is now known to occur in upwards of 25% of all protein-coding genes. With diverse functions from RNA regulation to microprotein generation, uORFs are rapidly igniting a new arena of cancer biology, where they are linked to cancer genetics, cancer signaling, and tumor-immune interactions. This review focuses on the contributions of uORFs and their associated 5′UTR sequences to cancer biology.
Funder
National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute
Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation Young Investigator Award
St. Baldrick's Foundation Scholar Award
Hyundai Hope on Wheels Foundation
Yuvaan Tiwari Foundation
DIPG/DMG Research Funding Alliance
Hope Foundation
Curing Kids Cancer Foundation
Andrew McDonough B+ Foundation
Collaborative Pediatric Cancer Research Awards Program
Kids Join the Fight award
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Cited by
1 articles.
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