The northern European shelf as an increasing net sink for CO<sub>2</sub>
-
Published:2021-02-15
Issue:3
Volume:18
Page:1127-1147
-
ISSN:1726-4189
-
Container-title:Biogeosciences
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Biogeosciences
Author:
Becker MeikeORCID, Olsen AreORCID, Landschützer Peter, Omar Abdirhaman, Rehder GregorORCID, Rödenbeck ChristianORCID, Skjelvan Ingunn
Abstract
Abstract. We developed a simple method to refine existing open-ocean maps and extend them towards different coastal seas. Using a multi-linear regression
we produced monthly maps of surface ocean fCO2 in the northern European coastal seas (the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Norwegian Coast and the
Barents Sea) covering a time period from 1998 to 2016. A comparison with gridded Surface Ocean
CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) v5 data revealed mean biases and standard deviations of
0 ± 26 µatm in the North Sea, 0 ± 16 µatm along the Norwegian Coast, 0 ± 19 µatm in the
Barents Sea and 2 ± 42 µatm in the Baltic Sea. We used these maps to investigate trends in fCO2, pH and air–sea
CO2 flux. The surface ocean fCO2 trends are smaller than the atmospheric trend in most of the studied regions. The only
exception to this is the western part of the North Sea, where sea surface fCO2 increases by 2 µatm yr−1, which is similar
to the atmospheric trend. The Baltic Sea does not show a significant trend. Here, the variability was much larger than the expected
trends. Consistently, the pH trends were smaller than expected for an increase in fCO2 in pace with the rise of atmospheric
CO2 levels. The calculated air–sea CO2 fluxes revealed that most regions were net sinks for CO2. Only the southern
North Sea and the Baltic Sea emitted CO2 to the atmosphere. Especially in the northern regions the sink strength increased during the
studied period.
Funder
Norges Forskningsråd Horizon 2020 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Reference70 articles.
1. Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C. S., Metzl, N., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S. D., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S. R., Balestrini, C. F., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bianchi, A. A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E. F., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ibánhez, J. S. P., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F. J., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K. F., Sutherland, S. C., Sutton, A. J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A. J., and Xu, S.: A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 383–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, 2016. a, b, c 2. Bauer, J. E., Cai, W.-J., Raymond, P. A., Bianchi, T. S., Hopkinson, C. S., and Regnier, P. A. G.:
The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean,
Nature,
504, 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12857, 2013. a 3. Blanton, J. O.:
Circulation processes along oceanic margins in relation to material fluxes,
in: Ocean Margin Processes in Global Change,
edited by: Mantoura, R. F. C., Martin, J. M., and Wollast, R., Wiley, New York, 145–63, 1991. a 4. Borges, A. V. and Gypens, N.:
Carbonate chemistry in the coastal zone responds more strongly to eutrophication than ocean acidification,
Limnol. Oceanogr.,
55, 346–353, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.1.0346, 2010. a 5. Bourgeois, T., Orr, J. C., Resplandy, L., Terhaar, J., Ethé, C., Gehlen, M., and Bopp, L.: Coastal-ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon, Biogeosciences, 13, 4167–4185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4167-2016, 2016. a
Cited by
14 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|