The diagnosis of lung cancer in the era of interventional pulmonology

Author:

Liam C-K.1,Lee P.2,Yu C-J.3,Bai C.4,Yasufuku K.5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2. Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

3. National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

4. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

5. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Abstract

Advances in bronchoscopic and other interventional pulmonology technologies have expanded the sampling procedures pulmonologist can use to diagnose lung cancer and accurately stage the mediastinum. Among the modalities available to the interventional pulmonologist are endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needles aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and transoesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) for sampling peribronchial/perioesophageal central lesions and for mediastinal lymph node staging, as well as navigational bronchoscopy and radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. The role of the interventional pulmonologist in this setting is to apply these procedures based on the correct interpretation of clinical and radiological findings in order to maximise the chances of achieving the diagnosis and obtaining sufficient tissue for molecular biomarker testing to guide targeted therapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The safest and the highest diagnosis-yielding modality should be chosen to avoid a repeat sampling procedure if the first one is non-diagnostic. The choice of site and biopsy modality are influenced by tumour location, patient comorbidities, availability of equipment and local expertise. This review provides a concise state-of-the art account of the interventional pulmonology procedures in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

Publisher

International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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