UPLC-HR-ESI-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND ANTI-DIABESITY SCREENING OF FLOWERS, ROOTS, AND AERIAL PARTS OF SOLANUM ELAEAGNIFOLIUM CAV.

Abstract

Objective: Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. is an invasive summer-growing wild perennial herb but is traditionally used to treat some health conditions, including toothache and constipation. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of various parts of this herb (flowers, roots, and aerial parts) and explore its biological properties. Methods: Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used for the first time for the root to analyze the hydro-alcoholic extract besides flowers and aerial parts of S. elaeagnifolium. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to assess the antiproliferative effects of the same extracts on the colorectal cancer cell lines (CACO2, SW620, HT29, and HCT116). The aqueous extracts of the plant’s three parts were evaluated in vitro for their anti-diabesity properties. Results: For the first time, other compounds in three plant parts were identified using UPLC-MS: hyperoside and apigenin (flavonoids), in flowers and roots, naringin (flavonoid) in the roots, and apigenin (flavonoid) in aerial parts, diosgenin (steroids sapogenin) solamargine, and solasodine (alkaloids) in the three parts. In addition to the previously identified compounds; chlorogenic acid and kaempferol were in the aerial part, and flowers; and luteolin (flavonoids) were in the aerial parts. Pharmacologically, the aqueous extracts of flowers and roots proved anti-diabesity activity, and no anti-proliferative effect was detected for their hydro-alcoholic extracts. Neither anti-obesity nor anti-proliferative activities were detected in the aerial part extracts.  Conclusion: Further in vivo and in vitro investigations are required for the different parts of S. elaeagnifolium to explore more biological activities and evaluate the plant’s toxicity.