The status and prospects of reproductive biotechnology application to increase productivity in cattle breeding

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to analyze the situation regarding to the status and prospects for the use of reproductive biotechnology to increase productivity in cattle breeding. In the conditions of dynamic growth of the planet’s population, global climate changes and the russian-Ukrainian war, food security in the whole world and in Ukraine in particular has become a key issue. To increase food stocks of animal origin, it is necessary first of all to intensify dairy and meat cattle breeding with the involvement of the best world genetics. This becomes possible thanks to the application of modern biotechnological methods of reproduction, some of which (artificial insemination, embryo transplantation) are successfully used in the world and in Ukraine, the other part (in vitro fertilization, cloning, creation of transgenic animals) is constantly developing and improving in countries with developed cattle breeding. Technologies of artificial insemination and transplantation of cattle embryos have been improved in Ukraine. Artificial insemination has been introduced into the practice of cattle breeding, work on embryo transplantation is being resumed, and in recent years, dairy farms have used sperm of bulls separated by sex. Scientists of the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine conduct sporadic experiments on in vitro fertilization and the creation of transgenic animals, which requires the expansion and deepening of these areas of research. To overcome modern challenges related to climate change and war, it is advisable to use biotechnological methods of reproduction in cattle breeding. For this, research on the development and implementation of the latest reproductive biotechnologies should be intensified: embryo transplantation, in vitro fertilization, creation of transgenic animals.