Retrospective Assessment of Available Bone Deficiency among Ukrainian Patients according to the Usage of Dental Implants of Different Sizes

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine a number of clinical cases of dental implantation with insuficient height of the alveolar ridge based on data of consumption of the dental implants of various designs in dental healthcare institutions during 10 years. Materials and methods. The research was performed on the provided information on the sales of dental implants produced by the DENTIUM corporation, “SuperLine” and “SuperLine NEW” (Korea) from the official supplier in Ukraine (“Stamil” group of companies) for the period 2013–2022. Results and discussion. Quality and sufficient volume of bone tissue around the dental implant is an important condition to achieve an optimal level of osseointegration. In cases of a shortage of available bone an additional option in the choice of treatment tactics is the installation of short dental implants. Compared with dental implants of standard and extended length the short implants showed a higher frequency of rejection and early disintegration. The length of the dental implant body is a critical factor in the long-term successful functioning of implants which is ambiguously evaluated and described in the professional literature. The analysis in the subgroups of the use of short implants showed that in the vast majority of cases, dental implants with a length of 8.00 mm were used – in the volume of ten-year implementation, their specific weight was 24.92%. Accordingly, it can be assumed that the volume of application of such structures is identical to the specific gravity of cases of minimal deficit in the height of the bone tissue of the alveolar crest of the jaws – 2.00 mm. The use of descriptive statistics methods made it possible to calculate the average percentage of such clinical cases – 23.92 ± 5.71 mm (M=25.37 mm). In calculations per decade the specific weight of cases of the alveolar ridge height deficiency of the jaws (lack of available bone tissue) was 30.03%. The average value was 28.80 ± 6.74% (M=30.95%), the minimum – 19.11% and the maximum – 38.08%. There were only 1.42% cases of “compensation” of the short implant length by increasing its diameter (upto 6.00 and 7.00 mm) in the overall structure of the performed operations. The usage of average annual number of short dental implants of increased diameter (from 6.00 mm) was 0.67 ± 0.28% (M=0.56%). The analysis of dynamics of the usage of short dental implants (7.00 mm and 8.00 mm) over ten years period revealed unevenness. For implants with a length of 8.00 mm frequency varied between 15.00–30.00%. The usage of shorter structures (length 7.00 mm) did not have such critical changes – minor deviations near 5.00%. Conclusion. The obtained results allowed to determine indirectly the prevalence of the alveolar ridge height deficiency in patients of “implantation cohort” in Ukraine during the last 10 years