A retrospective study on expression and clinical significance of PHH3, Ki67 and P53 in bladder exophytic papillary urothelial neoplasms

Author:

Qi Gaoxiu1,Liu Jinmeng2,Tao Shuqi3,Fan Wenyuan3,Zheng Haoning3,Wang Meihong4,Yang Hanchao5,Liu Yongting6,Liu Huancai7,Zhou Fenghua3

Affiliation:

1. Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China

2. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China

3. Department of Clinical Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China

4. Department of Pathology, Hospital of PLA 80th group army, Weifang, Shandong, China

5. Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China

6. Department of forensic medicine, Qingzhou City Public Security Bureau Interpol Brigade, Weifang, Shandong, China

7. Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Department of joint surgery, Weifang, Shandong, China

Abstract

Background Exophytic papillary urothelial neoplasms (EPUN) are difficult to diagnose pathologically and are well-known for their heterogeneous prognoses. Thus, searching for an objective and accurate diagnostic marker is of great clinical value in improving the outcomes of EPUN patients. PHH3 was reported to be expressed explicitly in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and recent studies have shown that PHH3 expression was associated with the differential diagnosis and prognosis of many tumors. However, its significance in EPUN remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the expression of PHH3 in different EPUN, compare its expression with cell-cycle related proteins Ki67 and P53, and analyze its significance in the differential diagnosis and prognostic value for high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC), low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LGPUC), papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) and urothelial papilloma (UP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the pathological diagnosis and clinical features of 26 HGPUC cases, 43 LGPUC cases, 21 PUNLMP cases and 11 UP cases. PHH3, Ki67 and P53 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 101 EPUN cases samples. The cut-off values of PHH3 mitosis count (PHMC), HE mitosis count (HEMC), Ki67 and P53 in the different EPUN were determined using the ROC curve. The distribution of counts in each group and its relationship with clinical parameters and prognosis of EPUN patients were also analyzed. Results The determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9980) of PHMC were more potent than those of HEMC (R2 = 0.9734) in the EPUN mitotic counts microscopically by both pathologists. Of the 101 EPUN cases investigated, significant positive linear correlations were found between PHMC and HEMC, PHMC and Ki67, and HEMC and Ki67 (P < 0.0001). In HGPUC, LGPUC, PUNLMP and UP, a decreasing trend was observed in the median and range of PHMC/10HPFs, HEMC/10HPFs, Ki67 (%) and P53 (%). PHMC, HEMC, Ki67 and P53 were associated with different clinical parameters of EPUN. PHMC, HEMC, Ki67 and P53 were found to exhibit substantial diagnostic values among different EPUN and tumor recurrence. Based on the ROC curve, when PHMC was >48.5/10HPFs, a diagnosis of HGPUC was more likely, and when PHMC was >13.5/10HPFs, LGPUC was more likely. In addition, when PHMC was >5.5/10HPFs, the possibility of non-infiltrating LGPUC was greater. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) for cases with PHMC > 13.5/10HPFs and HEMC > 14.5/10HPFs were 52.5 and 48 months, respectively, and their respective hazard ratio was significantly higher (Log-rank P < 0.05). Conclusion PHH3 exhibited high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing EPUN. Combined with HEMC, Ki67 and P53, it can assist in the differential diagnosis of EPUN and estimate its clinical progression with high predictive value to a certain extent.

Funder

Shandong Province National Natural Science Foundation

Scientific research project of Weifang Health Commission

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

Reference34 articles.

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3. The proliferation markers Ki-67/MIB-1, phosphohistone H3, and survivin may contribute in the identification of aggressive ovarian carcinomas;Aune;International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology,2011

4. Comparison of proliferation markers Ki67 and Phosphohistone-H3 (pHH3) in breast ductal carcinoma in situ;Bosch;Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology,2017

5. Phosphohistone H3 labelling for histoprognostic grading of breast adenocarcinomas and computer-assisted determination of mitotic index;Bossard;Journal of Clinical Pathology,2006

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