Genetic divergence at species boundaries of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific

Author:

Ochoa-Zavala Maried12,Diaz-Jaimes Pindaro1,Ortega-García Sofía3,Galván-Magaña Felipe3

Affiliation:

1. Unidad de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico

2. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

3. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

Abstract

Background Marine species constitute commercially important resources, and knowledge about mechanisms that shape phylogeographic patterns and genetic structure provides valuable information for conservation. The dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, is one of the most important species caught in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP). However, the lack of consensus about the existence of genetically differentiated populations in the area has hindered the adoption of management strategies to ensure its viability. Methods We assessed genetic variation and phylogeographic structure using two mitochondrial genes and 14 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci. Population genetic tools were used to characterize the spatial distribution of genetic variation of C. hippurus in the TEP, evaluate the extent of connectivity between dolphinfish populations, infer potential barriers to gene flow, and test for signals of contemporary and historical demographic expansions. Results Mitochondrial DNA sequences showed genetic homogeneity across locations in the TEP, as well as a strong signal of population expansion dated to the late Pleistocene. In contrast, nuclear microsatellite markers resolved four genetically distinct groups with a remarked genetic differentiation between the most distant locations, at the northern and southern boundaries of the species’ range. High mean genetic diversity was found at all localities (Hs = 0.66–0.81). Notwithstanding, positive FIS and low effective population size (Ne = 77.9–496.4) were also recorded. Conclusions The distribution of genetic variation could be related to expansion-contraction cycles following seasonal temperature changes at transitional areas, promoting population subdivisions. However, we cannot rule out the effect of oceanographic dynamics to the observed patterns. Although this marine species remains highly abundant despite commercial exploitation, the low Ne values are of conservation concern and must be considered in fishery management plans.

Funder

Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA), UNAM

Laboratorio de Genética de Organismos Acuáticos, UNAM

(COFAA and EDI) for SOG and FGM from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Publisher

PeerJ

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

Reference133 articles.

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4. Biología del dorado Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus 1758) y sus implicaciones para la pesquería artesanal del Pacifico sur de México;Alejo-Plata,2012

5. Sex ratios, size at sexual maturity, and spawning seasonality of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) captured in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico;Alejo-Plata;Fisheries Research,2011

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