circMSH3 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and affects the distant metastasis of colorectal cancer

Abstract

Objectives To identify the most significantly differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues in terms of their expression levels and circularity, and to analyze the relationship between their expression levels and the clinical characteristics of patients. Methods circRNA RNA-seq technology was used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs in CRC. Sanger sequencing was used to identify circRNA back-splice junction sites. The relative expression levels of hsa_circ_0003761 (circMSH3) in CRC tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR technology. An RNA-protein pull-down assay was used to detect protein binding to circRNAs. Dual-luciferase reporter gene vectors were constructed to verify that circRNAs bind to microRNAs. Results Four hundred twenty circRNAs were found to be upregulated, and 616 circRNAs were downregulated. circMSH3 was derived from the MutS homolog 3 (MSH3) gene and was formed by a loop of exons 9, 10, 11, and 12. In 110 pairs of CRC and adjacent tissues, circMSH3 expression was 4.487-fold higher in CRC tissues. circMSH3 was also highly expressed in the HT-29 and LOVO CRC cell lines. The expression level of circMSH3 was associated with distant metastasis in CRC patients (P = 0.043); the area under the curve (AUC) of circMSH3 for CRC diagnosis was 0.75, with a sensitivity and specificity of 70.9% and 66.4%, respectively. circMSH3 could bind to a variety of proteins, mainly those involved in RNA transcription, splicing, cell cycle, and cell junctions. Furthermore, circMSH3 could bind to miR-1276, miR-942-5p, and miR-409-3p. Conclusion circMSH3 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC and affects the distant metastasis of CRC. Multiple RNA-binding protein binds to circMSH3, and circMSH3 binds to miR-1276, miR-942-5p, and miR-409-3p, thereby affecting the expression of circMSH3.