Role of T Helper 1 in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Foe or Friend

Abstract

Cytokines produced by T helper cells (Th cells) have essential roles in the body’s defense against viruses. Inadequate and high levels of specific cytokines can have side effects. This literature review article discusses the mechanisms of Th1 responses in SARS-CoV-2 and sheds light on the pivotal role of various inflammatory markers in COVID-19-related complications. The latest literary works relevant to this study were carefully chosen and evaluated. Extensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. After evaluating the existing literature, it has been observed that unregulated immune responses result in heightened inflammation. Recent studies have provided proof that the occurrence of cytokine storms can significantly contribute to the severity of COVID-19, ultimately resulting in multi-organ failure and loss of life. Factors that influence the Th1 cell response and its impact on COVID-19 severity include the timing of the immune response, pre-existing immune conditions, viral load, and genetic susceptibility. Ultimately, by effectively managing the cytokine storm, we have the potential to greatly reduce the number of deaths caused by this virus.